
G V 



CINCINNATI • CH'CAGO ■ 

AMERICAN BOOK COMPANY 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. 

Gipp. Gcjtijrigljt l}a. 

Shelf..., c b..Cs.'2- 

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



MANUAL 



SCHOOL GYMNASTICS 



CONSISTING OF 



FREE GYMNASTICS. DUMB-BELL EXERCISES, AND 
^ESTHETIC EXHIBITION FIGURES 



A REVISED AXD EXLARGED EDITION OF A MANUAL OF FREE 

GYMNASTICS AXD DUMB^b/lL EXERCISES 

BY JAMES H. SMART 



:>XK< 




NEW YORK •:• CINCINNATI •:• CHICAGO 

AMERICAN BOOK COMPANY 



COPTRIGHT. 1S93. BT 

AMERICAN BOOK COMTAST. 



printec* at 
Zhe Eclectic Press 
Cincinnati, TX S. H- 



CONTEXTS. 



PAGE 

INTRODUCTION 5 

FREE GYMNASTICS 11 

Standing Positions 11 

Exercises for the Chest : First Series 11 

Exercises for the Chest : Second Series 14 

Exercises for the Chest : Third Series lb' 

Arm-Swinging Exercises 18 

Arm and Shoulder Exercises 20 

Knee and Foot Exercises 2:3 

Exercises to Strengthen the Spine 25 

Bending Exercises 2H 

Stepping Exercises 30 

Wrist and Finger Exercises o2 

Exercise to --Red. White, and Blue" 36 

Sitting Positions 38 

First Series 39 

Second Series 40 

Third Series 42 

Exercise to •• Battle Hymn of the Republic " .... 4o 

Exercises to •• Yankee Doodle ' 1 44 

BREATHING AND VOCAL EXERCISES 48 

Breathing Exercises 48 

First Series 49 

Second Series 50 

Breathing Exercise to •■ Hail Columbia " 53 

Breathing Exercises with Free Gymnastics 53 

V<* \ i. Exercises 55 

Six Movements Adapted to Concert Recitations ... 55 

Exercise to •• Battle Hymn of the Republic " .... 58 

Exercise to " Hail Columbia " 59 

DUMB-BELL EXERCISES 61 

First Series »'»1 

Second Series »'»4 

Third Series »'«; 

Fourth Series .... 68 

3 



4 CONTEXTS. 

PAGE 

GRADED CLASSIFICATION OF EXERCISES .... 70 

Children of Five to Seven Years 70 

For Children of Eight to Ten Years 71 

Children of Eleven to Thirteen Years 72 

For Children of Fourteen to Sixteen Years ::) 

ESTHETIC EXERCISES 74 

MlLlT.VKY BIOVBMKHT8 74 

Facings 74 

To March in a Direct Line 74 

To March in Doable Time 75 

T Halt 75 

Side Step 75 

Back Step 76 

To March to the Hear 76 

To Mark Time 76 

To File Right or Left 76 

To March by the Flank 77 

To Countermarch 77 

To Form Class in Two Ranks 77 

Exhibition Figure* 7^ 

The Square 

The Circle 

The Spiral . 81 

The Wreath 82 

The Star 80 

The Bower - ; 

MUSIC 

Yankee Doodle 

Red. White, and Blue S6 

Hail Columbia Qfj 

Battle Hymn of the Republic 

Our Bright Starry Banner 

There's Mnsic in the Air 

The Happy Feasants 

Tne Pleasant Spring Has Come Again 96 

Tell Me Where Do Fairies Dwell 98 

A Rosy Crown We Twin 10] 

The Sun Is Glowing ln:j 

Who Shall Be Fairest ? 106 

Killarney .... 108 

Opening Flower- Ill 



INTRODUCTION. 



>^*c 



Smart's Manual of School Gymnastics is based upon Smart's 
Manual of Free Gymnastics and Dumb-bell Exercises, a book which, 
published at a time when the importance of physical training was 
just beginning to be recognized by the educators of the country, has 
for many years held its place in the favor of teachers and been very 
influential in spreading the practice of physical exercise in the 
schools of the country. The work has undergone a thorough re- 
vision ; old exercises have been rearranged, new series have been 
added, and such modifications have been made as our present 
knowledge and understanding of physical training have rendered 
necessary. The cuts are all new and are very numerous, illustrat- 
ing every essential point in the exercises. 

Importance of Early Physical Training. — The necessity 
of physical culture is so generally recognized at the present day 
that no system of education is considered good without it. "A 
sound mind in a sound body," has passed into a proverb. And, 
indeed, to one who reflects at all upon the amount of physical dis- 
ability and suffering which could have been prevented by the 
knowledge of right living put into practice, it seems of paramount 
importance that this knowledge and practice should be widely 
disseminated. And when we consider the vast amount of time 
often consumed in adult years simply in striving to regain health, 
lost through lack of attention at an earlier time to the physical 
needs of our being — time necessarily taken from active physical 



INTRODUCTION. 

and mental and artistic exertions which would add to the wealth 
and the wisdom and the beauty of the world — we are led to see 
clearly that the "ounce of prevention" is fully worth the "pound 
of cure," and that the time and effort spent in laying the founda- 
tions of a sound physical constitution, are expended along the 
lines of the most rigid economy. 

There are certain conditions requisite to the attainment of 
a perfect physical development. Over some of these the teacher 
can exercise only an indirect control; but others come immedi- 
ately within his or her province. These conditions may be 
summed up as follows: Nourishing, wholesome food; suitable, 
loose clothing, such as will keep the body at a normal tempera- 
ture and allow the perfect action of the vital organs and freedom 
of motion ; pure air, one of the most essential and least regarded 
requirements ; and such exercise, either spontaneous or gymnastic, 
as will bring all the muscles of the body into play, increasing their 
size and strength. The matter of food and clothing must neces- 
sarily be left to the parents and guardians of the children, though 
much can be done by way of suggestion and in the teaching of 
physiology and hygiene to induce right habits in these respects. 
But the hollow chests, crooked bodies, limp muscles, and general 
weakness of many school children are due, in large measure, 
to the positions in which they stand or sit in school, to the 
necessary confinement and quietude of the body during school 
hours, and to the poor ventilation of the class-rooms. When 
special attention is not given to the postures of the children and 
to ventilation, and intermissions between the mental work are 
not frequent, the children are bound to suffer, and the hours of 
active play hardly suffice to overcome the evil effects. 

It must also be remembered that the positions maintained dur- 
ing school hours and the habit of physical inertia then contracted, 
while they awake in a naturally active child a desire for freedom 



INTRODUCTION. " 

which often spends itself in mischief, will have the opposite effect 
upon a quiet child with no exuberance of spirits. Vigorous exer- 
cise will afford the one an opportunity for the expenditure of the 
overplus of physical energy, and will stimulate the other into bodily 
activity. In both cases, the discipline of the school will be improved 
and the power of concentrated mental work greatly increased. 

When a child has acquired the habit of sitting and standing in a 
stooped position, and the muscles which should hold the body erect 
are weakened from being constantly relaxed, it is almost useless to 
command him to " sit up straight." For a moment, the injunction 
will be obeyed; but, finding the effort painful, the child will soon 
unconsciously return to his former position. The only effective 
means of overcoming the evil is by exercising the weakened muscles 
to strengthen and develop them ; and the exercises which do this 
will, at the same time, strain the frame of the body into the right po- 
sition. This strain is continued for only a few moments at consider- 
able intervals, and is made while the whole mind is given to the 
effort. Then the strain is removed; but the muscles have been 
used, and gradually the shoulders and head will become erect. 

Cautions about the air of sleeping-rooms and talks about the 
value of walking and climbing and of all out-door sports can be 
given by the teacher, and much influence thus be brought to bear 
upon the lives of the children outside of the school. 

Object of the Book. — It is often impossible for the schools 
to be provided with well-equipped gymnasiums, and there is this 
further objection in most communities to such gymnasiums, that 
they render necessary the appointment of a trained teacher. The 
object of this book is to provide the regular grade teacher with 
series of exercises of such a character, and so arranged, that they 
require no special training on the part of the instructor, and can be 
performed by the classes in any large school-room without the aid 
of apparatus, excepting dumb-bells. 



8 INTRODUCTION. 

The Calisthenium. — It is, however, very desirable to set aside 
a room, whenever possible, in which the separate classes can exer- 
cise, and schools which have a covered playground can use it for 
that purpose. The floor of such a room should be laid out in 
squares, as shown in the diagram on page 10, the pupils taking 
their positions as indicated. The squares should be large enough 
to allow the pupils to exercise freely without danger of collision. 

The calisthenium should be kept as nearly as possible at a 
temperature of 60° Fahr. This is a good mean temperature, and 
the pupils will not be apt to become overheated while exercising or 
to take cold if, for any reason, they stop their practice. As the 
amount of oxygen exhausted during extra physical exertion is very 
large, great care should be observed in regard to ventilation. The 
room should also be kept scrupulously free from dust, so that no 
impurities shall be breathed in with the deep inhalations accom- 
panying exercise. 

Use of Class-room for Calisthenic Purposes. — When it 
is impossible to reserve a room for calisthenic purposes, the class- 
room can readily be used. The pupils should stand in the aisles, 
the positions which they should take being indicated by small 
crosses, squares, circles, or foot-marks made of two straight lines 
meeting at an angle of G0°, painted on the floor. The last 
method will help the pupils to keep the toes turned out at the 
proper angle. 

The use of the class-room as a calisthenium has this advantage, 
that the classes can be practiced in the free exercises for short 
periods of, say, two minutes several times a day and at any hour. 
Even when regular practice is had in a calisthenium, the teacher 
will find that the free exercises can be used to great advantage to 
rest and refresh the pupils between the various lessons. The neces- 
sity of distribution of the dumb-bells would, of course, prevent 
such frequent practice with them. When the pupils are exercised 



INTRODUCTION. 9 

in the class-room, the air should be thoroughly freshened, the 
windows being lowered during the exercise and closed just before 
it is finished. 

Time for Practice. — It is injurious to the digestion to exer- 
cise vigorously immediately before or for an hour after any meal. 
This rule is grounded upon well-known physiological reasons and 
should be strictly observed. If the pupils are urged to practice 
out of school hours, the teacher should caution them very carefully 
upon this point. Exercise in the morning is generally the most 
beneficial. 

Music. — This is an essential feature of class practice, and may 
be played, sung, or whistled during the exercises. The use of 
music will insure regularity and uniformity in the movements 
of the class, and help to give a spirit and force to the lesson not 
easily induced in any other way. Vocal accompaniments are espe- 
cially beneficial in exercises adapted to them, as they clear the 
voice, expand the chest, and strengthen the lungs. 

Recognizing the difficulty of obtaining the musical selections 
recommended for some of the exercises, the publishers have col- 
lected these and placed them at the bacl^ of the book. They will 
be found sufficient for all purposes and will much increase the 
value and usefulness of the book. 

Dress. — It is essential that the clothing of the pupils, especially 
during exercise, should be loose enough to allow free play to all 
the muscles of the body. For this reason, where it is convenient, 
special gymnasium suits are very desirable, patterns for which can 
be obtained at any fashion bazaar. As the use of these suits 
would be impracticable in many cases, cautions about having the 
sleeves and waists of dresses loose enough to be comfortable for 
exercise may prove profitable. 



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10 



MANUAL OF SCHOOL GYMNASTICS. 



>n*;°< 



FREE GYMNASTICS. 



STANDING POSITIONS. 



The power of standing easily and gracefully in an erect 
posture seems to be a rare accomplishment. Of course, it 
is not always necessary to keep the body in the strict mili- 
tary attitude, but there are many customary positions which 
should never be taken. In standing, the hips should always 
be well back, the abdomen in, the chest forward, and the 
head erect with the chin in. If the body is in the right 
posture, it should be possible to see the toes by simply 
dropping the head without changing the position of the 
shoulders. 

The habit of always standing with the weight on one leg 
will cause one hip and shoulder to grow higher than the 
other. This is an ugly deformity, and every precaution 
should be taken in the formative years to guard against it. 

In the standing positions, the body has the greatest free- 
dom of movement and is capable of the most vigorous 
exertion. 

EXERCISES FOR THE CHEST: FIRST SERIES. 

The free exercises for the chest are frequently more 
beneficial, especially for young children, than when the 

11 



12 



FREE GYMNASTICS. 



same exercises are performed with dumb-bells. When the 
exercises are free, the chest receives the principal benefit ; 
whereas, when a weight is carried in the hands, the muscles 
of the arms are chiefly exercised. It is absolutely neces- 
sary that the right position of the body should be preserved 
throughout the exercises, and that they should be done 
with some vigor, or they will completely lose their value. 

Position. — Stand erect ; heels as near together as possible, and on 
the same line ; toes turned out equally, forming with each other an 
angle of about 60° : knees straight without stiffness ; shoulders square 
and falling equally : arms hanging naturally by the side, with elbows 
near the body ; hands firmly closed ; head well set. and eyes directly 
to the front. Eig. 1. 

At the word of command, in this and in the following exercises, the 
pupil should take the positions promptly, with decision, and in perfect 
time. 

1. Right hand on chest. Fig. 2. 

2. Right hand thrown horizontally to front, 
with force. Fig. 2. 

3. Right hand on chest. 

4. Position. Fig. 1. 

Repeat Xos. 1 to 4 four times. 

5. Left hand on chest, as right hand in No. 1. 

6. Left hand thrown horizontally to front, as 
right hand in Xo. 2. 

7. Left hand on chest. 

8. Position. Fig. 1. 




Fig. 1. 



Repeat Nos. 5 to 8 four times. 

9. Both hands on chest, as in Xos. 

10. Both hands thrown horizontally to front. 

11. Both hands on chest. 

12. Position. Fig. 1. 



1 and 5. 
Fig. 2. 



Repeat Xos. 9 to 12 four times. 



STANDING POSITIONS — CHEST. 



13 



13. Right hand on chest. Fig. 3. 

14. Right hand thrown horizontally to the right, with 

force. Fig. 3. 

15. Right hand on chest. 

16. Position. 

Repeat Nos. 13 to 16 four times. 

17. Left hand on chest. Fig. 3. 




rO 



gn:_ 




era 



Fig. 2. 



Fig. 3. 



18. Left hand thrown horizontally to the left. 

19. Left hand on chest. 

20. Position. 



Fig. 3. 





Repeat Nos. 17 to 20 four times. 


21. 


Both hands on chest. 


22. 


Both hands thrown horizontally to the right and left 




Fig. 3. 


23. 


Both hands on chest. 


24. 


Position. 



Repeat Nos. 21 to 24 four times. 



14 



FREE* GYMNASTICS. 



26. Right hand on chest. Fig. 4. 

26. Eight hand thrown perpendicularly upward. Fig. 4. 

27. Eight hand on chest. 

28. Position. 




Fig. i. 



Repeat Nos. 25 to 28 four times. 

29. Left hand on chest. Fig. 4. 

30. Left hand thrown perpendicularly upward. 

Fig. 4. 

31. Left hand on chest. 

32. Position. Fig. 4. 

Repeat Xos. 29 to 32 four times. 

33. Both hands on chest. 

34. Both hands thrown perpendicularly up- 

ward. 

35. Both hands on chest. 

36. Position. 

Repeat Xos. 33 to 36 four times. 



EXERCISES FOR THE CHEST; SECOND 
SERIES. 

Position. — Same as in First Series. 

1. Right hand under arm and close to 

body. Fig. 5. 

2. Position, throwing the hand down- 

ward forcibly. Fig. 5. 
Repeat Xos. 1 and 2 eight times. 

3. Left hand under arm. Fig. 5. 

4. Position, throwing the hand down- 

ward forcibly. Fig. 5. 

Repeat Nos. 3 and 4 eight times. 




Fig. 5. 



STANDING POSITIONS — CHEST. 



15 



8. 
9. 

10. 



11. 

12. 







Both hands under arms. 
Position. 

Repeat Nos. 5 and 6 —-'- 

eight times. 
Repeat Nos. 1 to 6 with 

hands open. 

Both hands on chest, 
with fingers closed. 
Fig. 6. 

Both hands on shoul- 
ders. Fig. 6. 

Bight hand thrown hori- 
zontally to the right. fig. e. 
Fig. 6. 

Bight hand on shoulder. Fig. 6. 

Repeat Nos. 9 and 10 secen times. 

Left hand thrown horizontally to left. Fig. 6. 
Left hand on shoulder. Fig. 6. 

Repeat Xos. 11 and 12 eight times. 

13. Both hands thrown horizontally right 
and left. Fig. 6. 

14. Both hands on shoulders. Fig. 7. 

Repeat Xos. 13 and 14 eight times. 
Repeat Xos. 9 to 14 with hands open. 

15. Bight hand thrown upward perpen- 
dicularly, fingers closed. Fig. 7. 

16. Bight hand on shoulder. Fig. 7. 

Repeat Xos. 15 a,,,! 16 eight times. 

17. Left hand thrown upward perpendicu- 
larly. Fig. 7. 




Fig. 7. 



16 



FREE GYMNASTICS, 



18. Left hand on shoulder. Fig. 7. 
Repeat Nos. 17 and 18 eight times. 

19. Both hands thrown perpendicularly upward. Fig. 7. 

20. Both hands on shoulders. Fig. 7. 
Repeat Nos. 19 and 20 eight times. 
Repeat Xos. 15 to 20 icith hands open. 

21. Both hands on chest. Fig. 7. 

22. Position. Fig. 7. 

EXERCISES FOR THE CHEST: THIRD SERIES. 

Position -Same as in First Series, but with the fingers extended, 
as shown in" Fig. 8. The hands should always describe arcs of a circle, 
as indicated by the dotted lines. References are to Fuj. 8. 

L. Swing right hand to the 
right to c, forming an 
angle of 45° with the 
body, and back to po- 
sition, eight times. 

2. Swing left hand to the 
left to d, forming an 
angle of 45° with the 
body, and back to po- 
sition, eight times. 

3. Swing both hands from 
body to c and d, and 
back to position, eight 
times. 

4. Swing right hand to the 
right to e, forming a right' angle with the body, and 
back to position, eight times. 

5 Swing left hand to the left to /, forming a right angle 
with the body, and back to position, eight times. 




Fig. 8. 



STANDING POSITIONS — CHEST. 



17 



6. Swing both hands from the body to e and /, and back 

to position, eight time*. 

(a) Throw both hands from the body to e and /. This is the 
position for the following exercises. The unused hand 
should be kept at e or /. as it is right or left. References 
are to Fig. '•>. 

7. Swing right hand down to a 

and back to e, eight times. 

8. Swing left hand down to b 

and back to /, eight times. 
0. Swing both hands down to e ' 
a and b and back to e 
and /, eight times. 

10. Swing right hand up to g 

and back to e, eight times. 

11. Swing left hand up to h 

and back to /, eight times. 

12. Swing both hands up to 

g and h and back to e 
and/, eight times. 




Fig. 9. 



(6) Throw both hands up to g and h. This is the position for 
the following exercises. The unused hand should be kept 
at g or h. as it is right or left. References are to Fig. 9. 

13. Swing right hand down to e and back to g, four times. 

14. Swing left hand down to /and back to /i, four times. 

15. Swing both hands down to e and /and back to g and h, 

four times. 

(c) Take original position, with hands falling at a and b. Refer- 
ences are t<> Fig. '•'. 

1(). Swing right hand up to g and back to position, eight 

times. 
17. Swing left hand up to h and back to position, eight 
times. 
school ovrvASTics —2 



18 



FREE GYMNASTICS. 



18. Strike both hands overhead, then bring them down and 

strike behind the body, eight times. 

19. Position. 



ARM-SWINGING EXERCISES. 

The arm-swinging exercises are valuable chest exercises, 
and really bring into play most of the muscles of the body 
between the waist and the neck. 

Position. — Same as in Chest Exercises : First Series. References 
are to Fig. 10. 

1. Swing hands together in 
front to c and d, and 
back to position at a and 
b. Repeat sixteen times. 

2. Clap hands once in front 
and swing back to posi- 
tion, sixteen times. 

(a) Bring hands together at 
c and d (Eig. 10). 
The following exercises 
must he performed 
without bending the 
body. Keep hand not 
used at c or d, as it is 
right or left. Refer- 
ences are to Fig. 10. 



rsa. 




Fig. 10. 



3. 



Swing right hand to right to e, or as far back as possi- 
ble without twisting the body, and back to c, eight 
times. 

Swing left hand to left to /, and back to d, eight times. 

Swing both hands apart to right and left, and strike 
them together in front, sixteen times. (This is an 
excellent exercise for weak lungs.) 

(6) Take original position with hands at a and b (Eig. 10). 



STANDING POSITIONS — ARM-SWINGING. 



19 



6. Swing both arms to right and then to left, bending the 

body forward a little, sixteen times. Fig. 11. 

7. Strike the hands together in front, bending backward a 

little from the waist, and then behind the body, bend- 
ing forward from the waist, sixteen times. Fig. 12. 

(c) Bend the body forward a little, and bring hands together 
in front at c and d (Fig. 10). 




2$ 



&" 




Fig. 11. 



Fig. 12. 



8. Swing right hand to right and back to front, as in No. 

3, eight times. 

9. Swing left hand to left and back to front, as in No. 4, 

eight times. 

10. Swing both hands apart and back, and strike them to- 

gether in front, as in Xo. 5, sixteen times. 

{d) Take original position with hands at sides. References are 
to Fiij. 13. 

11. Describe a circle with the right hand, moving it forward 

from position, eight times, 



20 



FREE GYMNASTICS. 




12. Describe a circle with the left hand, moving it forward 

from position, eight times. 

13. Describe circles with both hands, 
moving them forward from posi- 
tion, eight times. 

14. Describe a circle with the right 
hand, moving it backward from 
position, eight times. 

15. Describe a circle with the left hand, 
moving it backward from posi- 
tion, eight times. 

16. Describe circles with both hands, 
moving them backward from po- 
sition, eight times. 

Fig. 13. 

ARM AND SHOULDER EXERCISES. 

These exercises are intended to develop the muscles of the 
arms. At the same time, they throw the chest 
forward and bring the shoulders down and back. 

Position. — Same as in Chest Exercises : Third 
Series. Fig. 14. 

1. Raise and lower right shoulder as much as 

possible, four times. Fig. 14. 

2. Raise and lower left shoulder, as right in 

No. 1, four times. Fig. 14. 

3. Raise and lower both shoulders, as right in 

No. 1, four times. 
Note. — If rightly performed, the above exercises 
strengthen the muscles of the side and back, as well as 
of the shoulders. 

(a) Close fingers and turn backs of hands to front. 

4. Draw up right arm, bending the elbow and wrist, 

Fig. 15, 




Fig. 14 



STANDING POSITIONS— ARM AM) SIK dLDER. 



21 



5. Position, sending arm down forcibly. Fig. 15 
Repeat Nos: 4 and 5 four times. 



6. Draw up left arm, bending elbow and 

7. 



wrist. Fig. 15. 



8. 



9. 
10. 



Position, sending arm down forcibly. 
Fig. 15. 

Repeat Xos. 6 and 7 four times. 

Alternate, drawing up left arm as right 
is sent back to position, and eke versa, 
eight times. 

Draw up both arms, as in Nos. 4 and 6. 

Position. 

Repeat Xos. 9 and 10 four times. 




Fig. 15. 



11. 



(b) Turn palms of hands to front, keeping the fingers tightly- 
closed. Fig. 16. 

Bend right elbow and wrist with effort, until forearm 
is close to upper arm, and middle joints of fingers 
touch upper arm. Fig. 16. 

12. Position. Fig. 16. 

Repeat Xos. 11 and 12 four times. 

13. Bend left elbow and wrist with effort, as right 
in No. 11. 

14. Position. 

Repeat Xos. 13 and 14 four times. 

15. Bend both elbows and wrists, as right in 
No. 11. 

16. Position. 



Repeat Xos. 15 and 16 four times. 



90 



FREE GYMNASTICS. 



(<*) Bend right elbow and wrist as in No. 11. Fig. 16. 

17. Throw right arm to horizontal position in front. 

18. Right arm as in No. 11. 

Repeat Nos. 17 and IS four times. 

19. Position. 

(f?) Bend left elbow and wrist, as in No. 13. 

20. Throw left arm to horizontal position in front. 

21. Left arm as in No. 13. 

Repeat Nos. 20 and 21 four times. 

22. Position. 

O) Bend both elbows and wrists, as in Nos. 11 and 13. 

23. Throw both arms to horizontal position in front. 

24. Both arms as in Nos. 11 and 13. 

Repeat Nos. 23 and 24 four times. 

(f) Lower both forearms until they are horizontal, turning 
palms toward each other and keeping the fingers tightly- 
closed. Fig. 17. 

25. Bend right wrist inward and outward with 
as much effort as possible, eight times. 
Fig. 17. 

26. Bend left wrist, as right in No. 25, eight 
times. Fig. 17. 

27. Bend both wrists, as right in No. 25, eight 
times. 

(g) Keep the fingers closed and bend forward 
from waist, as shown in Fig. 18. 

28. Throw left arm forward and downward, 
at the same time bending right elbow 
and bringing right arm back as far as 

fig. 17. possible. Fig. 18. 




STANDING POSITIONS — KNEE AND FOOT. 



23 



29. Throw right arm forward and 

downward, at the same time 
bending left elbow and bring- 
ing left arm back as far as 
possible. 

Repeat Nos. 28 and 29 eight times. 

30. Position. 

31. Twist the arms as much as pos- 

sible, turning the hands toward 
the front and around. 

Note. — The motion given in No. 31 
throws the body into the right attitude, and 
strengthens the muscles of the back, espe- 
cially across the shoulders. 




Fig. 18. 



KNEE AND FOOT EXERCISES. 
Position-. — Stand erect, hands on hips, and fingers front. 

1. Raise the body slowly on the toes as high as possible, 

and then lower slowly to position, eight times. 

2. Raise the body on the toes slowly, and then lower it 

slowly, but do not allow heels to touch the floor. 
Raise and lower thus without touching the heels to 
the floor, eight times. (This exercise will require 
considerable practice before the children will be able 
to keep their balance without resting the heels upon 
the floor.) 

Note. — The above exercises strengthen the muscles of the legs 
and feet. 

3. Throw the weight of the body upon the right foot. 

Raise the left foot, straighten the left knee, and 
stretch the leg out slightly toward the front. Bend 
the left foot at the ankle up and down, eight times. 
doing the exercise with all possible effort. 



04 FREK GYMNASTICS. 

4. Perform No. 3 with right foot, throwing weight on left 

foot 

5. Throw the weight on the right foot, and raise the left. 

as in No. •'». Twist the foot at the ankle, eight times. 
doing it by trying to describe a circle with the toes. 

6. Perform No. 5 with right foot, throwing weight on left 

foot. 

Xote.— Xos. 3 to 6 strengthen the ankle muscles and the muscles 
of the leg below the knee. At first, the children will need to steady 
themselves, by resting the hand upon some object. 

7. Step forward one pace of twelve inches with right foot. 

throwing body forward over right foot, the weight 
resting upon right leg. and right knee being bent as 
much as possible. Keep left knee straight with left 
foot planted lightly in its first position on the floor. 
(To prove that the weight is thrown on right leg. raise 
left foot slightly several times, lightly tapping the floor 
with it. If the body is rightly balanced over right 
foot, the pose will not be disturbed by this movement.) 

8. Straighten the right knee, throwing the body back, 

and allow- the weight to rest upon the left foot, 
which is kept in the same position as before. 
Repeat Xos. 7 and 8 eight times. 

9. Same as No. 7. reversing the use of the feet. 

10. Same as Xo. 8. reversing the use of the feet. 
Repeat Xos. 9 and 10 eight times. 

11. Spread feet a little apart and swing body to right and 

left, throwing the weight upon right and then upon 
left foot. Keep shoulders and head erect and in 
position during this exercise, the motion being en- 
tirely from the hips, waist, and limbs, the upper part 
of body being at rest and only carried to right or 
left by the motion of the lower part of the body. 




LKDING POSITIONS— THE SPINE. 

EXERI IS S STRENGTHEN THE SPINE. 

Posi S nd erect, hands on hips, and fing 

1. Raise the body <>n the «- 

sible. Fig. 19. 
S :ik the body down as near the floor as pos- 
sible, still resting on the : ig. 19. 

i?*7 ■ • v v ; 

3. Place the hands on the floor. 

4. Thrust the feet forward and sit down. 

with knees straight, feet together, and 
hands resting upon knee-. Kg. _ 

5. Bend body backward and lie down, with- 

out touching bauds on floor or bending 
km - - _ 

6. Raise body to former sitting posture, with- 

out touching hands or elbows on floor, 

or bending knees. (This exercise will require some 

practice before it can be done as directed. Until 

the muscles of the back are strengthened, the 

pupil should be 

allowed to aid ^. 

himself a lit: )g^ 

5 and 

7. Draw feet back to 

position favora- 
ble for spring- F,c ' aL 
to standing position. 

8. Place hands on floor. 

Lhrow l> nd and spring to standing position. 

Repeat Nos. 1 1 uf once. 






T ' 




2G 



FREE GYMNASTICS. 



BENDING EXERCISES. 

The following exercises strengthen either the muscles of 
the waist and abdomen, or of the neck. The tendency to 
stooping shoulders is frequently caused by the waist mus- 
cles being too feeble to carry the upper part of the body 
(which should be supported from the waist) in an erect 
position. If the shoulders are stooped, the head cannot be 
held erect ; and, on the other hand, if the head is bent, the 
shoulders naturally fall forward. But if the head is erect 
and thrown well back, with the chin in, the chest will be 
thrown forward and the shoulders back. The following 
exercises are, therefore, valuable in the development of 
the chest. 

Position. — Stand erect, with hands on hips and fingers front. 
Throughout the exercises, be careful to keep the knees straight. 





Fig. 21. 



Fig. 22. 



Bend body to front as far as possible, and back to 
position, four times. Fig. 21. 



STANDING POSITIONS — BENDING. 



2. Bend body to right as far as possible, and back to posi- 

tion, four times. Fig. 22. 

3. Bend body backward as far as possible, and forward to 

position, four times. Fig. 21. 

4. Bend body to left as far as possible, and back to posi- 

tion, four times. Fig. 22. 





Fi<;. 23 



Fig. 24. 



5. Bend body to front, as in No. 1, and then backward, 

as in Xo^ 3. Kepeat this forward and back move- 
ment four times, stopping at position the fourth time. 
Fig. 21. 

6. Bend body to right, as in Xo. 2, then to left, as in 

Xo. 4. Kepeat this right and left bending four times, 
stopping at position the fourth time. Fig. 22. 

7. Swing the body round from the waist in a rotary motion, 

four times. Fig. 23. 

8. Twist body to the right, and back to position, four times. 

Fig. 24.^ 

9. Twist body to the left, and back to position, four times. 

Fig. 24/ 



28 



FREE GYMNASTICS. 



10. Twist body to right, then to left. Repeat this right 
and left twisting four times, stopping at position the 
fourth time. Fig. 24. 

11. Turn head to right without bending it, 
until chin is over right shoulder, and 
back to position, four times. Fig. 25. 

12. Turn head to left without bending it, 
until chin is over left shoulder, and 
back to position, four times. Fig. 25. 

13. Turn head to right, as in Xo. 11, and 
then to left, as in Xo. 12. Eepeat 
this right and left movement four 
times, stopping at position the fourth 
time. 

14. Bow head in front, and lift to position, 
four times. Fig. 26. 

15. Tip head backward, and lift to position, 
four times. Fig. 26. 

Bow head in front, as in Xo. 14. and then 
tip backward, as in Xo. 15. Repeat this 
front and back movement four times, stop- 
ping at position the fourth time. Fig. 26. 

Tip the head backward as far as possible. 
Keeping the head back, twist it to the 
right and left, and endeavor to see the 
floor behind. 




16 



Fig. 23 




Note. — Xo. 17 is an excellent exercise for bringing 
the head into the proper position. 

(a) 1. Raise the body on the toes as high as pos- 
sible. Fi<_ r . 19 (page 25). 

2. Sink the body down as near the floor as 

possible, still resting on the toes. Fig. 19. Ym. 26. 

3. Place the hands on the floor. 

4. Raise the body slightly on the hands, thrust the feet for- 

ward and sit down, with hands on hips, fingers front. 



STANDING POSITIONS — BENDING. 20 

18. Bend body to the front, and back to position, four 

times. 

19. Bend body to right, resting on right elbow, and back 

to position, four times. 

20. Bend body to left, resting on left elbow, and back to 

position, four times. 

21. Bend body to right, then to left. Repeat this right 

and left movement four times, stopping at position 
the fourth time. 

22. Swing body round from the waist in a rotary motion, 

four time*. 
'J'.k Turn head to right without bending it, and back to 
position, four times. 

24. Turn head to left without bending it, and back to posi- 

tion, four tim'-s. 

25. Turn head to right, then to left. Repeat this right 

and left movement four times, stopping at position 
the fourth time. 

26. Bow head in front, and lift to position, four times. 

27. Tip head backward, and lift to position, four times. 

28. Bow head in front, and then tip backward. Repeat 

this forward and back movement four times, stopping 
at position the fourth time. 

29. Bend body to front and back to position. 

30. Bend body to right, resting on right elbow, and back 

to position. 

31. Bend body to left, resting on left elbow, and back to 

position. 

Repeat Xns. 29 to 31 four times. 

(6) 1. Draw feel back to position favorable for springing i<> 
standing position. 

2. Place the hands on the floor. 

3. Throw the body forward and spring to standing position. 

with hands at side. 



30 



FREE GYMNASTICS. 



STEPPING EXERCISES. 

The Stepping Exercises are intended to generate an easy, 
swinging motion, and will help to render the carriage grace- 
ful in walking. 

Position. — Stand erect, with hands on hips and fingers front. 
Keep the body perpendicular. Fig. 27. 

1. Step forward one pace with right 
foot, and back to position, eight 
times. 

2. Left foot same as right foot. 

3. Step backward one pace with right 
foot, and back to position, eight 
times. 

4. Left foot same as right foot. 

5. Side-step to right one pace w r ith 
right foot, and back to position, 
eight times. 

6. Side-step to left one pace with 
left foot, and back to position, 
eight times. 

7. Jump from position, spreading feet as wide apart as 

possible, and back to position, eight times. Fig. 27. 

Repeat Nos. 1 to 7 : 
With arms folded. 

With hands clasped behind the head, keeping the body 
erect. 

8. Advance right foot four paces of nine inches each. 

Xote. — This is done by advancing the right foot and bringing the 
left to its side, and then again advancing the right foot. 

9. Step back to position in four paces. 
Repeat Nos. 8 and 9 four times. 




Fig. 21 



STANDING POSITIONS — STEPPING. 31 

10. Advance left foot same as right foot in No. 8. 

11. Step back to position with left foot. 

Repeat Xos. lu and 11 four times. 

12. Step backward with right foot four paces of nine inches 

each. 

13. Advance to position with right foot. 

Repeat Nos. 12 and 13 four times. 

14. Step backward with left foot as with right in No. 12. 
lo. Advance to position with left foot. 

Repeat Xos. 14 and 15 four times. 

16. Side-step to right with right foot, four paces. 

17. Step back to position, side-stepping with the left foot. 

Repeat Xos. 16 and 17 four times. 

18. Side-step to left with left foot four paces. 

19. Step back to position, side-stepping with right foot. 

Repeat Xos. 18 and 19 four times. 

20. Jump from position, spreading the feet as in Xo. 7. 

Place left foot beside right and jump from position 
again, repeating this exercise in all four times. 

21. Reverse No. 20, jumping back to position in four jumps, 

bringing right foot to side of left after each jump. 

22. Jump from position, bringing right foot to side of left, 

four times. 

23. Jump back to position in four jumps, bringing left foot 

to side of right. 

24. Jump from position, spreading the feet in four paces, 

as indicated by the dotted foot-lines in Fig. 27. 

25. Jump back to position in four paces. 
Repeat Xos. 24 and 25 four times. 



32 



FREE GYMNASTICS. 



Repeat Nos. 8 to 25 : 

117^ arms folded. 

With hands clasped behind the head, keeping the body 
erect. 




7&b 



WRIST AND FINGER EXERCISES. 

The Wrist and Finger Exercises especially develop the 
muscles of the wrists and hands ; but if they are performed 
with enough effort, they will also exercise, to a great degree, 
the muscles of the arms. 
Position. — Stand erect with hands at side and fingers firmly closed. 

1. Twist right hand as in boring with a 
gimlet, four times. 

2. Open right hand, spreading fingers 
apart, and shut, four times. 

3. Twist left hand four times. 

4. Open and shut left hand four times. 
o. Twist both hands four times. 

6. Open and shut both hands four times. 

(a) Raise forearm of right arm to horizon- 
tal position in front. Fig. 28 (a). 

7. Twist right hand four times. 

8. Open and shut right hand four times. 

(&) 1. Right arm in position. 

2. Raise forearm of left arm to hori- 
zontal position in front, as right 
arm in Fig 28 (a). 

9. Twist left hand four times. 
10. Open and shut left hand four times. 

(c) 1. Left arm in position. 

2, Raise both forearms to horizontal position m front. 



STANDING POSITIONS— WRIST AND FINGER. 



11. Twist both bauds four times. 

12. Open and shut both hands four times. 

(<i) 1. Both arms in position. 
2. Right hand on chest. 
:). Right arm horizontal in front, as left arm in Fig. 29 (6). 

13. Twist right hand four times. 

14. Open and shut right hand four times. 

{c) 1. Right hand on chest. 

2. Position. 

3. Left hand on chest. 

4. Left ana horizontal in front. Fig. 29 (b). 

15. Twist left hand four times. 

16. Open and shut left hand four times. 

(/) 1. Left hand on chest. 
2. Position. 

:}. Both hands on chest. 
4. Both arms horizontal in front. 

17. Twist both hands four times. 

18. Open and shut both hands four times. 

(g) 1. Both hands on chest. 

2. Position. 

3. Right hand on chest. 

4. Right arm horizontal in front, as 

left arm in Fig. 29 (6). 

5. Bend right arm, upper arm being 

horizontal and forearm perpen- 
dicular, as left arm in Fig. 29 (c). 

10. Twist right hand four times. 

20. Open and shut right hand ./bur times. 

(h) 1. Right arm horizontal in front. 

2. Right hand on chest. 

.'5. Position. 

4. Left hand on chest. 

5. Left hand horizontal in front, Fig. 

29 (/>). 
(J. Bend left arm, tipper arm being horizontal and forearm 
perpendicular. Fig. 29 (c). 

SCHOOL GYMNASTICS — 3 




Fig. 29. 



34 



FREE GYMNASTICS. 



21. Twist left hand four time*. 

22. Open and shut left hand four times. 

(i) 1. Left arm horizontal in front. 

2. Left hand on chest. 

3. Position. 

4. Both hands on chest. 

5. Both arms horizontal in front. 

6. Bend both arms, upper arms beinj 

arms perpendicular. 



horizontal and fore- 



23. Twist both hands four times. 

24. Open and shut both hands four times. 






(j) 1. Both arms horizontal in 




front. 




2. Both hands on chest, 




3. Position. 




4. Right hand on chest. 




5. Right arm extended hori- 




zontally to right. Fig. 




30. 


25. 


Twist right hand four times. 


26. 


Open and shut right hand four 




times. 




(k) 1. Right hand on chest. 




2. Position. 




3. Left hand on chest. 




4. Left arm horizontal to left, 




as right in Fig. 30. 



Fig. 30. 



27. Twist left hand/o?«/' times. 

28. Open and shut left hand four times. 

(I) 1. Left hand on chest. 

2. Position. 

3. Both hands on chest. 

4. Both arms horizontal to right and left, 

29. Twist both hands four times. 

30. Open and shut both hands four times. 



STANDING POSITIONS— WRIST AND FINGER. 36 

(m) 1. Both hands on chest. 

2. Position. 

3. Right hand on chest. 

4. Right arm horizontal to right. 

5. Bend right arm, upper arm being horizontal and forearm 

perpendicular, as left arm in Fig. 30. 

31. Twist right hand four times. 

32. Open and shut right hand four times. 

(») 1. Bight arm horizontal to right. 

2. Bight hand on chest, 

3. Position. 

4. Left hand on chest 

5. Left arm horizontal to left. 

6. Bend left arm, upper arm being horizontal and forearm 

perpendicular. Fig. 30. 

33. Twist left hand four times. 

34. Open and shut left hand/ou/- times. 

(o) 1. Left arm horizontal to left. 

2. Left hand on chest. 

3. Position. 

4. Both hands on chest. 

5. Both arms horizontal right and left. 

6. Bend both arms, upper arms being horizontal and fore- 

arms perpendicular. 

35. Twist both hands four times. 

36. Open and shut both hands four times. 

(p) 1. Both arms horizontal right and left. 

2. Both hands on chest. 

3. Position. 

4. Bight hand on chest. 

5. Bight arm perpendicular. 

37. Twist right hand four times. 

38. Open and shut right hand four times. 

(q) 1. Right hand on chest. 

2. Position. 

3. Left hand on chest. 

4. Left arm perpendicular. 



36 FREE GYMNASTICS. 

39. Twist left hand four times. 

40. Open and shut left hand four times. 

(;•) 1. Left hand on chest. 

2. Position. 

3. Both hands on chest. 

4. Both arms perpendicular. 

41. Twist both hands four times. 

42. Open and shut both hands four times. 

(s) 1. Both hands on chest. 
2. Position. 



A SERIES OF EXERCISES ADAPTED TO THE TUNE OF 
"RED. WHITE, AND BLUE." 1 

Position. — Stand erect, with feet parallel and three inches apart, 
hands on hips, and ringers front. 

1. Advance right foot four paces of nine inches each. 

2. Both hands on chest, fingers closed. 

3. Throw right hand to front and bring to chest again 

with force, four times. 

4. Same as No. 3 with left hand. 

5. Same as No. 3 with both hands. 

6. Throw right hand forward, and as it is brought back 

to chest, throw the left forward. Alternate thus four 
times. 

7. Strike hands together in front eight times. 

8. Both hands on chest. 

9. Throw right hand to the right, and back to chest, four 

times. 

10. Throw left hand to left, and back to chest, four times. 

11. Both hands thrown to right and left, and back to chest, 

four times. 

1 The music for this and other exercises adapted to music, will be found 
at the back of the book, beginning on page 86. 



STANDING POSITIONS — "RED, WHITE, AND BLUE." 37 

12. Throw right hand to iiLrlit. and as it is brought to chest, 

throw left hand to left. Alternate thus four times. 

13. Strike hands together in front eight times. 
14 Both hands on chest. 

15. Throw right hand perpendicularly upward, and back to 

chest, four times. 

16. Same as No. 15 with left hand. 

17. Same as Xo. 15 with both hands. 

18. Throw right hand perpendicularly upward, and as it is 

brou glit to chest, throw left hand perpendicularly 
upward. Alternate thus four times. 

19. Strike hands together overhead eight times. 
2<>. Both hands on chest, 

21. Both hands on hips. 

22. Both hands on chest. 

1'.*'.. Strike hands together in front eight times. 

24. Both hands on chest. 

25. Both hands on hips. 

26. Both hands on chest. 

27. Strike hands together overhead eight times. 

28. Both hands on chest. 

29. Both hands on hips. 

.'5<i. Step back to position in four paces. 

This series of exercises may be continued indefinitely, by 
taking one or more of the following positions, and repeating 
\ 9 . 2 to 30: — 

Advance the left foot four pares of nine inches each. 
Step back with the right foot four paces of nine inches each. 
Stej) back with the left foot four paces of nine inches each. 
Side-step to the right with the right foot four paces of nine 

inches each. 
Side-step to the left with the left foot four paces of nine incites 

each. 



38 FREE GYMNASTICS. 



SITTING POSITIONS. 



Malposition in sitting, common among onr school chil- 
dren, is a great evil. It cramps the chest and abdomen, 
deforms the body, enervates the whole system, and is a 
fruitful source of disease, some of the maladies engendered 
in this manner being ofttimes fatal. 

Constant attention should be given to the habitual sitting 
postures of the children. The habit of allowing the head 
to fall forward or to either side in studying and writing is 
prolific of bad effects : the shoulders become stooped, or 
one is raised above the other ; the body rests more heavily 
upon one hip than the other, compressing the ribs on the 
side where the pressure is heaviest, and enlarging the hip 
on that side, thus destroying the symmetry of the body. 
The writing lessons are especially liable to form such a 
habit, and after every writing lesson it would be well to 
exercise the muscles of the neck in such a way as to bring 
the head into an upright position and counteract the ten- 
dency to bend it forward. 

The children should sit with the spinal column erect and 
supported from the hips, the arms at the sides with the hands 
resting upon the knees, the head upright with the chin in. 
The feet should rest easily and flatly upon the floor, and 
the height and conformation of the seats or benches should 
be such as to allow them to do so without strain and with- 
out raising the knees. Children in classes are usually of 
various heights, and it would be very difficult to have them 
all seated in conformity with this rule. Great discomfort, 
however, can be caused to pupils by having to sit on benches 
either too high or too low, and every possible care should be 
taken to remedy this evil. 



SITTING POSITIONS — FIRST SERIES. 39 

FIRST SERIES. 

Position. — Sit erect ; eyes steadily in front ; shoulders thrown 
back, arms hanging by side with fingers closed ; feet in front, heels 
four inches apart, and toes turned out, forming an angle of 25°. 

1. Right hand thrown to chest, and back to position, four 

times. 

2. Left hand same as right in No. 1. 

3. Both hands same as right in No. 1. 

(a) Both hands upon chest, fingers closed. 

4. Eight hand thrown horizontally to front, and back to 

chest, four times. 

5. Left hand same as right in No. 4. 

6. Both hands same as right in No. 4. 

7. Right hand thrown horizontally to right, and back to 

chest, four times. 

8. Left hand thrown horizontally to left, and back to 

chest, four times. 

9. Both hands, combining Nos. 7 and 8. 

10. Right hand thrown upward perpendicularly, and back 

to chest, four times. 

11. Left hand same as right in No. 10. 

12. Both hands same as right in No. 10. 

(6) Position with arms at sides, fingers closed. 

13. Right hand upon chest, thrown horizontally to front, 

back to chest, and then to position, four times. 

14. Left hand same as right in No. 13. 

15. Both hands same as right in No. 13. 

1G. Right hand upon chest, thrown horizontally to right, 
back to chest, and then to position, four times. 

17. Left hand upon chest, thrown horizontally to left, back 
to chest, and«then to position, four times. 



40 FREE GYMNASTICS. 

18. Both hands, combining Nos. 16 and 17. 

19. Bight hand upon chest, thrown perpendicularly upward, 

hack to chest, and then to position, four times. 

20. Left hand same as right in No. 19. 

21. Both hands same as right in No. 19. 

22. Arms akimbo. 

23. Hands in the usual place when class is in order. 

SECOND SERIES. 

Position. — Same as in First Series, but with arms akimbo and 
hands open. 

1. Turn head to the right so that chin comes over right 

shoulder, and back to position, four times. 

2. Turn head to the left, and back to position, four times. 

3. Turn head to the right, then to the left. Repeat this 

right and left movement four times, stopping at posi- 
tion the fourth time. - 

Note. — Do not tip the head in the above exercises, but be careful 
to keep it in an erect position while turning it. 

4. Tip head to the right, with eyes front, and raise to 

position, four times. 

5. Tip head to the left, with eyes front, and raise to posi- 

tion, four times. 

6. Tip head to the right, then to the left. Repeat this 

right and left movement four times, stopping at posi- 
tion the fourth time. 

7. Bow head in front, keeping the shoulders well in posi- 

tion, and raise to position, four times. 

8. Tip head backward as far as possible, and raise to 

position, four times. 

9. Bow head in front, then tip backward. Repeat this 

front and back movement four times, stopping at 
position the fourth time. 



SITTING POSITIONS — SECOND SEHIES. 11 

in. Tip head backward: keep the head well back, and turn 
it to right and left as far as possible. 

11. Bend body forward as tar as possible, and back to 

position, four times. 

12. Bend body to rigljt as far as possible, and back to 

position, four times. 

13. Bend body to left as far as possible, and back to posi- 

tion, four times. 

14. Bend body to the pight, then to the left. Repeat this 

right and left movement four times i stopping at posi- 
tion the fourth time. 
(a) bet arms fall to sides with hands open. 

15. Raise right shoulder as high as possible, and lower to 

position, four tinges. 

16. Raise left shoulder as high as possible, and lower to 

position, four times. 

17. Raise both shoulders, and lower to position, four times. 

18. Face to the right, lifting the feet and placing them in 

the aisle, and resting left arm upon desk. 

19. Position. 

Repeat Xos. 18 and 19 four times. 

20. Face to the left, as to the right in No. 18, resting right 

arm upon desk. 

21. Position. 

Repeat Nbs. 20 and 21 four times. 

22. Hands in usual position. 

Note. — In Nob. 18 and 20 the pupils are ready to stand in the 
aisles. In classes where two pupils occupy one desk, the pupils on the 
right should face to the right, and those on the left to the left, at 
the same time, thus combining Nos. 18 and 20. In some city schools, 
where the children are very much crowded in the classes, the teacher 
will have to modify, to some extent, the exercises in this book, and 
omit such as are impracticable under the circumstances. 



42 FREE GYMNASTICS. 

THIRD SERIES. 
Position. — Same as in First Series, 

1. Both hands on chest. 

2. Throw right hand horizontally to front. 

3. Throw left hand horizontally to front. 

4. Strike hands together in front Jive times. 

5. Rest fingers on shoulders. 

6. Both hands on head, one over the other. 

7. Strike hands together over head Jive times. 

8. Kest ringers on shoulders. 

9. Strike hands together in front Jive times. 

10. Rest ringers on shoulders. 

11. Both hands on head. 

12. Strike hands together over head Jive times. 

13. Rest fingers on shoulders. 

14. Twirl hands rapidly in front. 

15. Rest fingers on shoulders. 

16. Both hands on head. 

17. Twirl hands rapidly over head. 

18. Rest fingers on shoulders. 

19. Strike hands together in front Jive times. 

20. Twirl hands rapidly in front. 

21. Strike hands together over head Jive times. 

22. Twirl hands rapidly over head. 

23. Bring hands to desk, tapping it softly with the tips of 
the fingers in imitation of rain. 



i c~ 



Xote. — At signals from the teacher, gradually increase the force of 
the tapping to represent the increasing force of the storm. In a boys' 
class, some of the pupils could whistle softly in imitation of the wind, 
sometimes whistling louder to represent the stronger blasts. Two or 
three of the pupils should be designated to strike heavily at intervals 
upon their desks with their fists, to imitate thunder. 

24. Class in order. 



SITTING POSITIONS — "BATTLE HYMN." 1.; 



A SERIES OF EXERCISES ADAPTED TO THE TUNE 
<>E "BATTLE HYMN OF THE REPUBLIC." 

Position. — Same as in First Series. 

1. Right hand on chest, thrown horizontally to front, back 

to chest, and then to position. Repeat four times. 

2. Left hand same as right in Xo. 1. 
l>. Both hands same as right in No. 1. 

4. Right hand on chest, thrown horizontally to right, back 

to chest, and then to position. Repeal four tin 

5. Left hand on chest, thrown horizontally to left, back to 

chest, and then to position. Repeat four times. 

6. Both hands combining Xos. 4 and 5. 

7. Right hand on chest, thrown perpendicularly upward, 

back to chest, and then to position. Repeat four 
tin- 

8. Left hand same as right hand in Xo. 7. 

9. Both hands same as right hand in No. 7. 

(a) Both hands on chest. 

10. Right hand thrown horizontally to front, and back to 

chest, four tines. (To compensate for the time con- 
sumed in bringing both hands to chest for position 
(«), as the right hand is brought to chest the fourth 
time, throw the left hand forward for the first part 
of Xo. 11.) 

11. Left hand same as right in Xo. 10. 

12. Both hands same as right in Xo. 10. 

13. Right hand thrown horizontally to right, and back to 

chest, four times. 

14. Left hand thrown horizontally to left, and back to 

chest, fo>n- Hi 

15. Both hands combining Xos. 13 and 14. 



44 FREE GYMNASTICS. 

16. Right hand thrown perpendicularly upward, and back 

to chest, four times. 

17. Left hand same as right in No. 16. 

18. Both hands same as right in No. 1(>. 

19. Resume usual position. 



FIVE SERIES OF EXERCISES ADAPTED TO THE TUNE 
OF -YANKEE DOODLE." 

The following exercises are suitable for intermissions 
between lessons, and the first four can be performed either 
sitting or standing, the fifth necessarily being done stand- 
ing. The music can be hummed, whistled, or sung to the 
syllable ha while performing them. 



Position-. —Body erect, in either correct standing or sitting post- 
ure ; fingers firmly closed. 

1. Right hand on chest. 

2. Eight arm perpendicular. 

3. Right hand on chest. 

4. Position. 

Repeat Nbs. 1 to 4 four times. 

5. Left hand on chest. 

6. Left arm perpendicular. 

7. Left hand on chest. 

8. Position. 

Repeat Nos. 5 to 8 four times. 

9. Both hands on chest. 

10. Both arms perpendicular. 



SITTING POSITIONS — "YANKEE DOODLE." 45 

1 1 . Both hands on chest. 

12. Position. 

Repeat Nos. 9 to 12 four times. 
Repeat Nos. 1 to 8 fwici. 

The above series may be varied by substituting other 
motions in place of No. 2 and the corresponding motions 
throughout the series, as follows : — 

(a) 2. Bight arm horizontal in front. 
6. Left arm horizontal in front. 
10. Both arms horizontal in front. 

(6) 2. Right arm horizontal to right. 
fi. Left arm horizontal to left. 
10. Both arms horizontal to right and left. 



Position. — Correct standing or sitting posture ; lingers closed. 

1. Right hand on shoulder. 

2. Right hand extended horizontally to right. 

3. Right hand on shoulder. 

4. Position. 

Repeat Nos. 1 to 4 four times. 

5. Left hand on shoulder. 

6. Left arm extended horizontally to left. 

7. Left hand on shoulder. 

8. Position. 

Repeat Nos. 1 to A four times. 

9. Both hands on shoulders. 

10. Both hands extended horizontally right and left. 



46 FREE GYMNASTICS. 

11. Both hands on shoulders. 

12. Position. 

Repeat Nos. 9 to 12 four times. 
Repeat Nos. 1 to 8 twice. 

The above series may be varied by substituting the fol- 
lowing motions in place of the corresponding numbers in 
the series : — 

2. Eight arm perpendicular. 

6. Left arm perpendicular. 
10. Both arms perpendicular. 



Position. — Correct standing or sitting posture ; fingers closed. 

1. Right hand under arm and close to body. 

2. Position. ,_ 
Repeat Nos. 1 and 2 eight times. 

3. Left -hand under arm. 

4. Position. 

Repeat Nos. 3 and 4 eight times. 

5. Both hands under arm. 

6. Position. 

Repeat Nos. 5 and 6 eight times. 
Repeat Nos. 1 to 4 twice. 
Repeat Nos. 5 and 6 four times. 

Vary the above exercises by substituting the followin 
motions in place of the corresponding numbers : — 
1. Draw up right hand as in Fig. 15 (page 21). 
3. Draw up left hand. 
5. Draw up both hands. 



SITTING POSITIONS — "YANKEE DOODLE." 47 

4. 

Position. — Erect standing or sitting posture ; both hands on chest, 
with fingers closed. 

1. Throw hands forcibly to sides, and back to chest, four 

times. 

2. Throw hands horizontally right and left, and back to 

chest, four times. 

3. Throw hands perpendicularly upward, and back to 

chest, four times. 

4. Throw hands right and left, and back to chest, four 

times. 

5. Throw hands forcibly to sides, and back to chest, four 

times. 

6. Throw hands right and left, and back to chest, four 

times. 

7. Throw hands perpendicularly upward, and back to 

chest, four times. 
3. Throw hands right and left, and back to chest, four 
times. 

5. 
Position. — Correct standing position ; hands open. 

1. Swing both hands to right and left at c and d, Fig. 8 

(page 1G), and back to position, four times. 

2. Swing both hands to e and /, Fig. 9 (page 17), and 

back to position, four times. 

3. Swing both hands to g and h, Fig. 9, and back to posi- 

tion, four times. 

4. Clap hands in front and then behind, Fig. 12 (page 19), 

four times. 

Repeat Nos. 1 to 4, as given. 



BREATHING AND VOCAL EXERCISES. 



BREATHING EXERCISES. 

Breathing, or respiration, consists of inhalation — the 
breathing into the lungs of pure air — and exhalation — the 
forcing out of the lungs of the carbonic acid gas there gen- 
erated. In order to keep the lungs in a healthy condition, it 
is necessary that all the cells of these organs should be filled 
with pure air at every inhalation, and that all the carbonic 
acid gas should be forced out during exhalation, the air in 
the lungs thus being completely changed at every respira- 
tion. Owing to the stooped positions assumed by many of 
the children, and sometimes, in the case of girls, on account 
of the tightness of the clothing about the waist, the lungs 
are cramped, and the proper use of the diaphragm and waist 
muscles, in pumping the air into and out of the lungs, is 
prevented. A full inhalation is accompanied by the expan- 
sion of the lower as well as the upper ribs, and the enlarge- 
ment of the waist ; and anything which prevents this 
expansion is inimical to the healthy condition of the lungs. 

The air should be breathed in through the nostrils, and 
never through the mouth. Care should be taken to keep 
the nasal passages clear, as a slight catarrhal trouble, lead- 
ing to the habit of breathing through the mouth, is aggra- 
vated by such a habit and is very liable in the end to 
seriously affect the lungs. 

4b 



BREATHING EXERCISES— FIRST SERIES. 40 

The breathing of impure air, even for a brief period, is 
accompanied by noticeably bad effects, resulting in general 
heaviness, fatigue, and headache. 

The following series of exercises will be found very bene- 
ficial for children and women. People who have weak 
lungs should, after filling them with air, tap upon the chest 
with the fingers, so as to force the air into all the vesicles. 
The force of the percussion may be gradually increased. 
Men should, strike upon the chest as hard a blow as they 
can bear, always filling the lungs first. This breathing 
exercise should be taken every morning before breakfast. 

FIRST SERIES. 

Position. — Stand erect, with hands on hips and fingers front; 
shoulders thrown back and chin slightly raised. 

1. Inhale and exhale slowly, and without noise, through 

the nostrils, filling the lungs to their utmost capacity. 
four times. 

2. Inhale and exhale slowly and effusively (with noise) 

through the nostrils, four times. 

3. Inhale slowly through the nostrils, and exhale forcibly 

in four regular puffs, four times. 

4. Inhale slowly, without noise, through the nostrils ; in 

the same manner exhale through the mouth. Repeat 
four times. 

5. Inhale slowly and effusively through the nostrils; in 

the same manner exhale through the mouth. Repeat 
four times. 

6. Inhale slowly through the nostrils, and exhale forcibly 

through the mouth, in four regular puffs. Repeat 
four times. 

7. Inhale slowly through the nostrils, and, holding the 

breath a moment, exhale explosively through the 

SCHOOL GYMNASTICS — 4 



50 BREATHING AND VOCAL EXERCISES. 

mouth at a signal from the teacher. Repeat four 
times. 

8. Inhale quickly through the nostrils-, and exhale explo- 

sively through the mouth. Repeat four times. 

9. Inhale slowly and deeply through the nostrils, beating 

a roll upon right chest with both hands ; exhale 
explosively through the mouth at a signal from the 
teacher. Repeat four times. 

10. Same as No. 9, beating a roll upon left chest. 

11. Inhale deeply through the nostrils and strike upon chest 

with both hands ; exhale slowly through the mouth. 
(Those who have weak lungs should not strike too 
hard.) Repeat four times. 

12. Same as No. 11, but exhale explosively. 

13. Pronounce the vowel sounds in an explosive tone, fill- 

ing the lungs before delivering each one. Repeat 
four times. 

14. Fill the lungs and pronounce the syllable ha four times. 

Repeat four times. 

15. Fill the lungs, and while exhaling give the short sound 

of a four times. Repeat four times. 

16. Fill the lungs and exhale as slowly as possible, giving 

the smooth sound of r. Repeat four times. 

Note. — The exercises from No. 13 are good for clearing the voice, 
and they will be found very beneficial by singers and all persons who 
are in the habit of using the voice very much. 



SECOND SERIES. 

Position. — Same as in First Series, but with hands at sides. 

. Lock the thumbs in front. Inhale slowly and deeply 
through the nostrils, and at the same time slowly 
raise the hands above the head by describing a semi- 



BREATHING EXERCISES — SEC< )X1) SERIES. 



il 



circle to the front, keeping the thumbs locked and 
the elbows straight. Exhale slowly through the 
nostrils, at the same time reversing the movements 
of the arms and having the hands reach the first 
position just as the breath is exhausted. Fig. 31. 
Repeat four times. 
Same as No. 1, but exhale through the mouth. 





Fig. 31. 



Fig. 32. 



3. Hands at sides with the fingers extended. Inhale 

slowly through the nostrils, raising the hands above 
the head by describing arcs to the right and left, 
reaching the perpendicular position just as the lungs 
are filled. Exhale slowly through the nostrils, re- 
versing the movements of the arms and having the 
hands reach the first position as the breath is ex- 
hausted. Fig. 32. Repeat four times. 

4. Same as No. 3, but exhale through mouth. 

5. Touch the tips of the middle fingers and place the 

thumbs against the chest with the palms downward, 
the arms being horizontal. Fig. 33. Inhale through 



52 



BREATHING AND VOCAL EXERCISER 



the nostrils slowly, moving the hands forward in a 
horizontal line, until the arms are straight in front 
at b in diagram to Fig. 33. Then move the arms 
to right and left in arcs of a horizontal circle as 
far back as possible, to c and d in diagram to Fig. 

33, reaching this posi- 
tion as the lungs are 
filled with air. Exhale 
slowly through nos- 
trils, reversing move- 
ments of the hands, 
and reaching the first 
position at a as the 
breath is exhausted. 
Repeat four times. 

6. Same as Xo. 5, but ex- 
hale through mouth. 

7. Hands at sides, with 
fingers extended. In- 
hale slowly through 
the nostrils, at the 
same time raising the 
arms to horizontal po- 
sition right and left, 
keeping the elbows 
straight, and reaching 
this position just as 

the lungs are filled with air. Exhale explosively 
through the nostrils, letting the hands drop to sides. 
(In this exercise, the hands should simply be allowed 
to fall as a dead weight, If it is done rightly, the 
arms will swing sideways for a moment or two after 
they have fallen to position.) Repeat four times. 
Same as No. 7, but exhale through mouth. 




Fig. 33. 



'• foci 


"^Jiridfe"" 




" b -"" " 

Diagram to Fig. 33. 



XOM 



BREATHING EXERCISES — " HAIL COLUMBIA. 1 ' 53 



A BREATHING EXERCISE ADAPTED TO THE TUNE OF 
• HAIL COLUMBIA." 

Position. — Stand erect, hands at sides with lingers closed. 

1. Inhale deeply through the nostrils during the first two 

measures. 

2. Strike upon left side of chest with right hand. 

3. Strike upon right side of chest with left hand. 

4. Strike upon left side of chest with right hand. 

5. Strike upon right side of chest with left hand. 

6. Strike upon left side of chest with right hand. 

Nob. 2 to 6 should be performed in two measures, while holding the 
breath. 

7. Exhale through the mouth during the fifth and sixth 

measures. 

Repeat Nos. 1 to 7 until the tune is finished. 

BREATHING EXERCISES WITH FREE GYMNASTICS. 

Many of the breathing exercises can be introduced with 
profit into some of the series of Free Exercises in the book, 
and especially with those which are intended to develop the 
chest. Below is given an illustration of a breathing exer- 
cise combined with the First Series of Exercises for the 
Chest. 

Inhale slowly while performing the following : — 

1. Right hand on chest. 

2. Right arm horizontal in front. 

3. Right hand on chest. 

4. Position. 



Repent Nbs. 1 to 4 four times. 



54 BREATHING AND VOCAL EXERCISES. 

Exhale slowly while performing the following : — 

5. Left hand on chest. 

6. Left hand horizontal in front. 

7. Left hand on chest. 

8. Position. 

Repeat Xos. o to 8 four times. 

Inhale and exhale thus to the end of the series. 

Note. — It is probable that, at first, the children will not be able to 
inhale slowly enough to continue the process while repeating Xos. 1 
to 4 four times, and the same is true about the exhalation ; but the 
breathing should be as slow as possible, and the teacher must deter- 
mine whether the children can repeat each exercise two, three, or four 
times while inhaling or exhaling. The exercise with the arms should 
be rapid and quite vigorous, and after considerable practice, the chil- 
dren will be able to do the breathing as indicated, and even to breathe 
slowly and deeply enough to repeat the exercises six or more times. 

The other series of Exercises for the Chest can easily be adapted to 
this purpose, in much the same manner as the First Series, the teacher 
always exercising judgment as to the number of times the children 
will be able to repeat each motion while inhaling or exhaling. 

The following is an adaptation of the Arm Swinging 
Exercises to a breathing exercise : — 

1. Inhale : Swing the hands together in front at c and d, 

Fig. 10 (page 18), and back to position, eight times. 

2. Repeat ]S"o. 1, but exhale instead of inhaling. 

3. Inhale : Clap the hands once in front, and swing back 

to sides, eight times. 

4. Repeat No. 3, but exhale instead of inhaling. 

5. Hands at c and d. Fig. 10. Inhale : Swing the hands 

to e and/, Fig. 10, and back to c and d, eight times. 
G. Repeat No. 5, but exhale instead of inhaling. 

7. Inhale : Strike the hands together in front, and then 

behind the body, eight times. 

8. Repeat Xo. 7, but exhale instead of inhaling. 



VOCAL EXERCISES — SIX MOVEMENTS. ,V> 



VOCAL EXERCISES. 

Vocal tones are produced by the vibrations of the vocal 
chords, and their purity depends, in a great measure, upon 
the proper use of the respiratory organs. There are several 
faults of tone, both in speaking and singing, which arise 
entirely from defective breathing and the weakness of the 
lungs and diaphragm. A strong constitution and the habit 
of deep, full breathing will usually insure good, pure vocal 
tones. The value of bodily exercise in improving the voice 
is, therefore, quite apparent, and the special necessity of 
chest and breathing exercises to develop the respiratory 
organs is very evident. 

The cultivation of the individual voices of the children is 
impracticable in most of the public schools ; but if teachers 
are careful about the posture and breathing of their pupils 
while speaking and singing, and see that the lips are mobile 
and the mouth opened freely during all vocal exercises, 
they will be troubled very little with throaty and nasal 
tones. 

A SERIES OE SIX MOVEMENTS, 

Adapted to Various Concert Recitations, sich as Spelling, 
Musical Exercises, the Repeating of Aphorisms, Mottoes, 
Poetry, etc. 

1. Strike both hands against sides ; elbows straight. 

2. Strike both hands on chest. 

3. Strike hands together once in front. 

4. Strike both hands on chest. 

5. Strike hands together once overhead. 
G. Strike both hands on chest. 



56 BREATHING AND VOCAL EXERCISES. 

The following applications will sufficiently illustrate the 
method of adapting the foregoing series of movements: — 

12 3 4 5 6 1 

a e i o n oi ou 

12 3 4 5 6 1 

a a. e e, i i, o o, u u, oi oi. on on. 

12 345612 345612 3 4 1 

a a a a e e I I o o 6 u u u oo oi ou 

12345612 

a a, a a, a a, <1 a, a a. a a. a a. a a. etc. 

12 3 4 5 6 



fate, fat, far, fall, mete. met. etc. 

12 34 5 612 34 5 6 12341 

do re mi fa sol la si do si la sol fa mi re do si do 





1 
do do, 

3 4 5 6 1 

•n-t-e-n-t- 


2 




do 

1 2 

C-o- 


re re 

2 3 4 1 

•m-e-n-t. 


re. 



1234561234 561 

I-n-t-e-r-e-s-t-i-n-g-1-y. 

1234 5 612 3 4 1 

F-r-e-e free, d-o-m dora, free-dom. 

123 4 561 2 3 456 121 

L-i-b lib, e-r er, lib-er, t-y ty, lib-er-ty. 

123 4 5612 3 4 5612 3 4 5 

G-y-m gym, n-a-s nas. gym-nas. t-i-c tic, gym-nas-tic 

6 12 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 12 1 

e-x ex, e-r er, ex-er, c-i ci, ex-er-ci, s-e-s ses. ex-er-ci-ses. 

1234 5 61 2 34 5 61234 1 

D-a-r-e dare t-o to d-o do r-i-g-h-t right. 

1 23 45 61 2 34 561 2 34 56 12345 6 123 4561 

Hon-or-if-i-ca-bil-i-ti-di-ni-tat-i-bus-que. 

12345 612 345 6 123 456 123 4 5 612 341 

Trans -ma g-n if -i-cat-ban-dan- ju-al-i-t y. 



VOCAL EXERCISES — SIX MOVEMENTS. 



lloii'or and shame 1 From no' condition rise; 

6 1 2 :; 4 



Act well' your part', there all' the hon'or lies. 



Joy' and Tem'peranee and' Re-pose 

•') 6 3 4 



Slam' the door' on the doe'tor's nose. 



Loss' of wealth' is loss' of dirt 

5 6 34 

All sag'es in' all times' as-sert'. 



He' that will' not when' he may, 

5 6 3 4 



When' he would' he shall' have nay, 



1' was prom'ised on' a time 

5 6 3 4 

To' have rea'son for' my rhyme; 

1 2 3 4 



From' that time' un-to' this sea'son 

5 6 3 4 



1' re-ceived' nor rhyme' nor rea'son. 

1 2 3 4 

They' are slaves' that fear' to speak 

5 6 3 4 

For' the fal'len and' the weak. 



58 BREATHING AND VOCAL EXERCISES. 

The following are school mottoes which can be used 
with the foregoing series of movements. »In this way. the 
children will learn a number of pithy maxims applicable to 
their school work, and which are likely to be remembered 
and to influence them in mature life. 

I will try. Always ready. 

We aim high. I can if I will. 

A hard beginning makes a good ending. 

Dare to do right. Labor conquers all things. 

Nothing is impossible to a willing heart. 

We must aim at thoroughness. 

He liveth long who liveth well. 

If we would excel, we must labor. 

The rolling stone gathers no moss. 

Learning is better than silver and gold. 

Speak the truth ; act the truth ; think the truth. 

Excelsior — higher and higher, but only step by step. 

Truth is the highest thing that man can keep. 

If taken in the following order, these movements can be 
performed to the tune of " Battle Hymn of the Republic," 
"Marching Along," or any other tune in even measure, 
which may be sung, hummed, whistled, or played during 
the exercise. 

1. Strike both hands against sides. 

2. Strike both hands on chest. 

3. Strike hands together once in front. 

4. Strike both hands on chest. 

5. Strike hands together once overhead. 

6. Strike both hands on chest. 

7. Strike hands together once in front. 

8. Strike both hands on chest. 

Repeat Nos. 1 to 8 until the tune is finished. 



VOCAL EXERCISES — "HAIL COLUMBIA." 59 

A SERIES OF EXERCISES ADAPTED TO THE TINE OF 
" HAIL COLUMBIA." 

Position. — Stand erect with hands on hips and fingers front; 
feet three inches apart. 

1. Advance right foot five paces of six inches each. (In 

doing No. 1 sing two measures or one line of song.) 

2. Right hand horizontal in front ; left hand on chest. 

3. Right hand brought back to chest ; left hand at the 

same time horizontal in front. 

4. Right hand horizontal in front ; left hand on chest. 

5. Left hand horizontal in front ; right hand on chest. 

6. Right hand horizontal in front ; left hand on chest. 
(Sing two measures in doing Nos. 2 to 6.) 

7. Strike hands together in front fice times. (Sing two 

measures.) 

8. Right hand perpendicular ; left hand on chest. 

9. Left hand perpendicular ; right hand on chest. 

10. Right hand perpendicular ; left hand on chest. 

11. Left hand perpendicular ; right hand on chest. 

12. Right hand perpendicular ; left hand on chest. 
(Sing two measures in doing Nos. 8 to 12.) 

13. Strike hands together overhead Jive times. (Sing two 

measures.) 

14. Bring hands to hips and step back to position in five 

paces. (Sing two measures.) 

15. Advance left foot five paces. (Sing two measures.) 

16. Left hand horizontal in front; right hand on chest. 

17. Right hand horizontal in front ; left hand on chest. 

18. Left hand horizontal in front ; right hand on chest. 

19. Right hand horizontal in front ; left hand on chest. 

20. Left hand horizontal in front ; right hand on chest. 
(Sing two measures in doing Nos. 1G to 20.) 



60 BREATHING AND VOCAL EXERCISES. 

21. Strike hands together in front five times. (Sing two 

measures.) 

22. Left hand perpendicular; right hand on chest. 

23. Right hand perpendicular ; left hand on chest. 

24. Left hand perpendicular ; right hand on chest. 

25. Right hand perpendicular; left hand on chest. 

26. Left hand perpendicular ; right hand on chest. 
(Sing two measures in doing Nos. 22 to 26.) 

27. Strike hands together overhead five times. (Sing two 

measures.) 

28. Bring hands to hips and step back to position in five 

paces. (Sing two measures.) 

29. Both hands at side. 

30. Both hands on chest. 

31. Strike hands together once in front. 

32. Both hands on chest. 

33. Strike hands together once in front. 
31. Both hands on chest. 

35. Both hands at sides. 

36. Both hands on chest. 

37. Strike hands together once in front. 

38. Both hands on chest. 

39. Strike hands together once in front. 

40. Both hands on chest. 

41. Position. 

The movements may be applied to the words, thus : — 

i i ill 

Hail, Co-lum-bia, hap-py land! 

2 3 4 5 6 

Hail, ye he -roes! heaven -born band; 

7 7 7 7 7. 

Who fought and bled in free-dom's cause, 

8 9 10 11 12 

Who fought and bled in free- dour s cause, etc. 



DUMB-BELL EXERCISES. 



] >umb-bells are a very valuable means of physical culture, 
and have been in use for over a thousand years. In the 
hands of an expert, it is possible with their aid to exercise 
every muscle of the body. Those best adapted for school 
use and light gymnastics are made of wood. For children, 
bells weighing one half to three quarters of a pound each 
are sufficiently heavy ; one-pound bells for girls and two- 
pound bells for boys in the highest classes are quite heavy 
enough for school purposes. The use of light bells exer- 
cises especially the muscles of the chest, while the use of 
heavy bells strengthens almost exclusively the muscles of the 
arms. It is far more beneficial, therefore, to take vigorous 
exercise with the former than to use the latter. 

FIRST SERIES. 

Position. — Stand erect as in the Free Exercises; 
dumb-bells at sides, horizontal and parallel. 

1. Hi ght bell under arm and back to position, 

four times. Fig. 34. 

2. Left bell under arm and back to position, 

four times. 

3. Both bells under arms and back, four times. 

4. Eight bell under arm, and as it is brought to 

position, left bell under arm, alternating 

thus four times. 

(a) 1. Both bells on chest. Fig. 35. 

2. Both bells on shoulders. Fig. ot). jr I0 . 34 

01 



62 



DUMB-BELL EXERCISES. 



6. 



8. 



Throw right bell horizontally to right and back to 
shoulder, four times. Fig. 36. 

Throw left bell horizontally to left and back to shoul- 
der, four times. Fig. 36. 

Throw both bells horizontally to right and left and 
back to shoulders, four times. 

Throw right bell to right, and as it is brought back to 
shoulder throw left bell to left, alternating thus four 
times. 





Fig. 35. 



Fig. 36. 



9. Throw right bell perpendicularly upward and back to 
shoulder, four times. Fig. 36. 

10. Throw left bell perpendicularly upward and back to 

shoulder, four times. Fig. 36. 

11. Throw both bells up and back, four times. 

12. Throw right bell upward, and as it is brought to 

shoulder throw left bell upward, alternating thus 
four times. 

(b) 1. Bells on chest. Eig. 35. 
2. Position. 



FIRST SERIES. 63 

13. Right bell on chest. Fig. 35. 

14. Right bell on shoulder. Fig. 36. 

15. Throw right bell horizontally to right. Fig. 36. 

16. Right bell on shoulder. Fig. 36. 

17. Bight bell on chest. Fig. 35. 

18. Position. 

Repeat Nos. 13 to 18 four times. 

19. Left bell on chest. Fig. 35. 

20. Left bell on shoulder. Fig. 36. 

21. Throw left bell horizontally to left. Fig. 36. 

22. Left bell on shoulder. Fig. 36. 

23. Left bell on chest. Fig. 35. 

24. Position. 

Repeat Nos. 19 to 24 four times. 

25. Both bells on chest. 

26. Both bells on shoulders. 

27. Throw both bells horizontally to right and left. 

28. Both bells on shoulders. 

29. Both bells on chest. 

30. Position. 

Repeat Nos. 25 to 30 four times. 

31. Right bell on chest. 

32. Right bell on shoulder. 

33. Throw right bell perpendicularly upward. Fig. 30. 

34. Right bell on shoulder. 

35. Right bell on chest. 

36. Position. 

Repeat Nos. 31 to 36 four times. 

37. Left bell on chest. 

38. Left bell on shoulder. 

39. Throw left bell perpendicularly upward. Fig. 36. 

40. Left bell on shoulder, 



64 



DUMB-BELL EXERCISES. 



41. Left bell on chest. 

42. Position. 

Repeat Nos. 37 to 42 four times. 

43. Both bells on chest. 

44. Both bells on shoulders. 

45. Throw both bells perpendicularly upward. 

46. Both bells on shoulders. 

47. Both bells on chest. 

48. Position. 

Repeat Nos. 43 to ±Sfour times. 
Repeat Nos. 1 to 12. 



SECOND SERIES. 
Position. — Same as in First Series. 

1. Right bell on chest, thrown hori- 
zontally to front, back to chest, 
and then to position. Fig. 37. 
Repeat four times. 

2. Left bell same as right in No. 1. 

3. Both bells same as right in No. 1. 

4. Right bell on chest, thrown hori- 
zontally to right, back to chest, 
and then to position. Fig. 38. 
Repeat four times. 

5. Left bell on chest, thrown hori- 
zontally to left, back to chest, 
and then to position. Fig. 38. 
Repeat four times. 

Both bells combining Nos. 4 and 5. 

Right bell on chest, thrown perpendicularly upward, 
back to chest, and then to position. Fig. 36, Re- 
peat four times, 




Fig 37. 



SECOND SERIES. 



65 



8. 
9. 

10. 
11. 
12. 

13. 



14. 



15. 
16. 
17. 



18. 

19. 
20. 
21. 




Left bell same as right in Xo. 7. 

Both bells same as right in Xo. 7. 

(a) Both bells on chest. 

Throw right bell horizontally to front and back to 

chest, four times. 

Left bell same as right in 

No- 10. o „ 

Both bells same as right JC & 

in Xo. 10. /I 

Throw the right bell for- 
ward, and as it is brought 
back to chest throw the 
left forward, as this is 
brought back the right 
forward, alternating thus 
four times. 

Throw right bell horizon- 
tally to right and back 
to chest, four times. 

Throw left bell to left and back to chest, four times. 

Both bells combining Xos. 14 and 15. 

Throw right bell to the right, and as it is brought back 
to chest throw the left bell to the left, as this is 
brought back the right bell again to the right, alter- 
nating thus four times. 

Throw right bell perpendicularly upward and back to 
chest, four times. 

Left bell same as right in Xo. 18. 

Both bells same as right in Xo. 18. 

Throw right bell up, and as it is brought back to chest 
throw left bell up, as this is brought back the right 
up, alternating thus four times. 

Repeat X<>s. 1 to 9. 

SCHOOL OYMXASTICS — 5 



Fig. 38. 



t»6 



DUMB-BELL EXERCISES. 



THIRD SERIES. 



Position. — Same as in First Series. 
bells in the following exercises. 



Be careful not to twist the 




Fig. 39. 



1. Swing right bell from body 
to right, until arm is per- 
fectly horizontal, and back 
to position, eight tunes. 

-^ Fig. 39. 

2. Swing left bell to left, as 
right bell to right in No. 
1, and back to position, 
eight times. Fig. 39. 

3. Swing both bells right and 
left until they are horizon- 
tal, and back to position. 
ei'jht times. Fig. 39. 

4. Swing right bell from body 
to right, until the arm is perpendicular, describing a 
semicircle, and back to position, eight times. Fig. 39. 

5. Swing left bell to left, as right bell to 

right in Xo. 4. and back to position. 
eight times. Fig. 39. 

6. Swing both bells to right and left and 

back to position, combining Xos. 4 and 
5. Fig. 39. 

7. Swing right bell to front, until the arm 

is horizontal, and back to position, 
eight times. Fig. 40. 

8. Swing left bell same as right in Xo. 7. 

9. Swing both bells same as right in Xo. 7. 
10. Swing right bell to front, until the arm is 

perpendicular, describing a semicircle, 

and back to position, eight times. Fig. 40 Fig. 40. 




THIRD SERIES. 67 

11. Swing left bell same as right in No. 10. 

12. Swing both bells same as right in No. 10. 

13. Swing right bell to horizontal position in front, and 

then back as far as possible, sixteen times, ending the 
last time at position. Fig. 41. 



14. 
15. 

1(3. 



Swing left bell as right bell in Xo. 13. 



Swing both bells as right bell in Xo. 13. 

Eaise the arms to horizontal position in front, the bells 

being horizontal and making 

a straight line. Swing both 

bells right and left as far 

back as possible from this 

position, eight times. 

)■-/ 
Note. — The motion of No. 16 is that k - J '" 

represented in Tig. 10 (page 18). ~\ 

17. Bend the elbows, placing the 

hands with the palms down- 
ward against the chest, the 
thumbs pressing lightly against 
the body, and the arms being 
horizontal. Move the hands 
straight forward until they 
are horizontal in front. Then 

move them around in arcs of horizontal circles to 
the right and left and as far back as possible. 

Note. — The position and movements of Xo. 17 are similar to those 
shown in Fig. 33 and Diagram to Fig. 33 (page 52). 

18. Reverse movements of Xo. 16. 
Repeat Nos. 17 <iik1 18 eight times. 

19. Bend body forward a little, and swing both bells to 

right and then to left, sixteen times. 




Fig. 41. 



Note. — The movement of No. 19 is shown in Fig. 11 (page 19). 



68 



DUMB-BELL EXERCISES. 



20. Strike the ends of the bells together in front on a level 
with the shoulders, and then behind 
the body, bending backward and for- 
ward in so doing, sixteen times. 

Note. — The movement of Xo. 20 is shown in Fig. 
12 (page 19). 

21. Swing both bells in vertical circles, mov- 
ing forward from position. 

22. Swing both bells in vertical circles, mov- 
ing backward from position. 

Xote. — The movements in Xos. 21 and 22 are 
shown in Fig. 13 (page 20). 




Fig. 42. 



FOURTH SERIES. 



Positiox. — Bells at sides, exactly horizontal and in a straight line, 
so that a rod could be passed lengthwise through both ; thumbs to the 
front. Fig. 42. 

1. Twist right bell reversing ends, and back to position, 

eight times. 

2. Twist left bell same as right in Xo. 1, eight 

times. 

3. Twist both bells same as right in No. 1, 

eight times. 

(«) Raise both forearms to horizontal position in 
front, thumbs upward. The bells are hori- 
zontal and in a straight line. Fig. 43. 

4. Twist right bell eight times. 

5. Twist left bell eight times. 

6. Twist both bells eight times. 

(&) 1. Both bells on chest. 

2. Both arms horizontal in front, thumbs up- 
ward. Fig. 44. Fig. 43. 




FolKTII SERIES. 



09 



7. Twist right bell eight times. 
S. Twist left bell eight times. 
( .). Twist both bells eight times. 

(c) 1. Both bells on chest. 

2. Beth arms horizontal right 
Fig. 45. 

10. Twist right bell eight times. 

11. Twist left bell eight times. 

12. Twist both bells eight times. 



i ml left, thumbs upward. 





Fn,. 44. 



Fig. 45. 



((?) 1. Both bells on chest. 

2. Both arms perpendicular, with bells horizontal and par- 
allel. Fig. 45. 

13. Twist right bell eight times. 

14. Twist left bell eight times. 

15. Twist both bells eight times. 

(?) 1. Both bells on chest. 
2. Position. 

Note. — These exercises may be extended or varied by using the 
positions given in Wrist and Finger Exercises (pages 32-30). 



GRADED CLASSIFICATION OF EXERCISES. 



The various series of exercises in this book have been arranged and 
grouped according to their similarity of character and purpose, and 
each has been put in such form as to make an harmonious whole when 
performed as a series. Some of the exercises, however, even in the 
same series, are better adapted for very young children, while others 
are suitable for children in the older classes and for adults, and should 
not be given to young children. It is necessary that the teachers 
should select those exercises which will be most beneficial to the chil- 
dren under their charge, and to enable them to do this the foregoing 
exercises have been placed in four divisions. Each succeeding division 
includes, in general, all the exercises of those preceding, in order to 
preserve the harmony of the various series ; but special attention 
should be given to the new exercises in each division. 

The exercises are graded as follows : 

FOR CHILDREN OF FIVE TO SEVEN YEARS. 

Free Gymnastics. 

Standing Positions : — 

Exercises for the Chest — First Series (p. 11) ; Second Series 

(P. 14). 
Bending Exercises, Nos. 8-1G (p. 27). 

Stepping Exercises, Nos. 1-6, with hands on hips only (p. 30). 
Wrist and Finger Exercises, Nos. 1-6 (p. 32). 

Sitting Positions : — 

First Series (p. 39) ; Second Series, Nos. 1-9 (p. 40) ; Third 

Series (p. 42). 
Exercises to " Yankee Doodle," 1 and 2 (p. 44). 

Breathing Exercises. 

First Series, Nos. 1 and 4 (p. 49). 
70 



EIGHT TO TEX YEARS. 71 

Vocal Exercisk*. 

Six Movements on p. 66, performed while running the musical 
scales, and in connection with the recitation of the alpha- 
bet, phonetic exercises, counting by twos, threes, etc., and 
the spelling of short words. 

FOR CHILDREN OF EIGHT TO TEN YEARS. 

Free Gymnastics. 

Standing Positions : — 

Exercises for the Chest — First Series (p. 11) ; Second Series 

(p. 14) ; Third Series (p. 1(3). 
Arm and Shoulder Exercises. Nos. 1-10 (p. 20). 
Bending Exercises. Nos. 8-17 (p. 27). 
Stepping Exercises. Nos. 1-7. all three positions (p. 30). 
Wrist and Finger Exercises, positions a, 6, c, J, e, f. j, k, and / 
(p. 32). 

Sitting Positions : — 

First Series (p. 39); Second Series (p. 40) ; Third Series 

(p. 42). 
Exercises to •• Yankee Doodle," 1. 2, 3, and 4 \^p. 44). 

Breathing Exercises. 

First Series. Nos. 1-8 (p. 49). 

Vocal Exercises. 

Same as for previous years, combining the series on p. 55 with 
musical exercises, phonetic exercises, and spelling exercises, 
using long words and some of the shorter mottoes and apho- 
risms tor this purpose. 

Di mr-bell Exercises. 

The First and Second Series of Free Exercises may be practiced 
with dumb-bells by children of nine or ten years, after they 
have been taught and practiced for some time as Free Exer- 
cises. 

Note. — The dumb-bells used should not be more than half a pound 
in weight 



72 GRADED CLASSIFICATION. 



FOR CHILDREN OF ELEVEN TO THIRTEEN 
YEARS. 
Free Gymnastics. 

Standing Positions : — 

Exercises for the Chest — First, Second, and Third Series 

(P. H). 
Arm-swinging Exercises (p. 18). 
Arm and Shoulder Exercises (p. 20). 
Bending Exercises, Nos. 1-17 (p. 26). 
Stepping Exercises (p.- 30). 
Wrist and Finger Exercises (p. 32). Give special attention to 

positions g, h, i, m, n, o, p, q, and r. 
Exercise to " Red, White, and Blue " (p. 36). 

Sitting Positions : — 

First, Second, and Third Series (p. 39) to be practiced. 
Exercise to " Battle Hymn of the Republic " £p. 43). 
Exercises to " Yankee Doodle," 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 (p. 44). 

Breathing Exercises. 

First Series (p. 49). 

Breathing Exercise to " Hail Columbia" (p. 53). 

Vocal Exercises. 

Combination of Series on p. 55, with the recital of poetical quota- 
tions and aphorisms (pages 57 and 58). Some such exercises 
as are given at the foot of page 50 may be found rather 
enlivening. 

Exercise to " Battle Hymn of the Republic " (p. 58). 

Dumb-bell Exercises. 

First, Second, Third, and Fourth Series (p. 61). 

Note. — The dumb-bells used should be light, not more than half a 
pound for girls and three quarters to one pound for boys. The exer- 
cise should be vigorous. 



FOURTEEN TO SIXTEEN YEARS. 



FOR CHILDREN OF FOURTEEN TO SIXTEEN 
YEARS. 
Free Gtmnastk -. 

Standing Positions : — 

Knee and Foot Exercises (p. 23). 

Exercises to StrengtheE the Spine (p. 25). 

Bending Exercises (p. 2(5). 

Stepping Exercises (p. 30) to be practiced. 

Wrist and Finger Exercises (p. 32) to be practiced. 

Sitting Position* : — 

Any can be used for intermissions between lessons. 

Breathing Exercises. 

First and Second Series (p. 49). 

Breathing Exercises with Free Gymnastics (p. 53). 

Vocal Exercises. 

Any of the Vocal Exercises in the book. For this purpose, use 
short and lively poems besides the quotations given in the 
book. 

Exercise to '• Hail Columbia" (p. 59). 

Dlmr-hei.i. Exercises. 

The Three Scries of Exercises for the Chest (p. 11), Arm-swing- 
ing Exercises (p. 18), Arm and Shoulder Exercises (p. 20 . 
and Wrist and Finger Exercises (p. 32), as given in the 
Free Gymnastic I^xercises, should, during these years, be 
done with dumb-bells. 

Note. — The dumb-bells used should be the same as for the pre- 
vious years. Girls of fifteen or sixteen, however, may be allowed to 
use one-pound bells, and boys of the same age may safely use two- 
pound bells ; but it is far better to err on the side of lightness than in 
the other direction, as vigorous exercise will always make up for lack 
of weight in the bells. 



^ESTHETIC EXERCISES. 



MILITARY MOVEMENTS. 

Position. — The class should stand in one rank, with heels as near 
together as possible and on the same line, the feet being turned out 
equally at an angle of about 60°, and the knees straight without being 
stiff ; body erect ; shoulders square and falling equally ; arms hanging 
naturally at sides, with elbows near the body and palms turned 
slightly to front ; head erect, with chin drawn in a little and eyes 
falling to the front. 

Note. — The commands should be given by the instructor or leader. 
Those in italics signify preparatory commands, and those in small 
capitals commands of execution. 

FACINGS. 

To the Eight or Left. — Command: (1) Eight, or left; 
(2) Face. At the command face, raise the right heel and 
left toe slightly and face to the right or left, turning on the 
left heel and pressing a little on the ball of the right foot. 
Place the right foot in position beside the left. (The left 
face is executed on the same heel as the right.) 

To the Rear. — Command: (1) About; (2) Face. At 
the command face, raise the left heel and right toe slightly, 
and face to the rear, turning to the right on the right heel 
and the ball of the left foot. Place the left foot in position 
beside the right. 

TO MARCH IN A DIRECT LINE. 

Command: (1) Forward; (2) March. At the command 
forward, throw weight of body on right foot without bend- 

74 



MILITARY MOVEMENTS. 75 

ing left knee. At the command march, advance left foot 
straight forward about eighteen inches, more or less, the 
length of pace being varied according to the size of the pupil. 
Plant the left foot, throw the weight upon it. and advance 
the right foot in the same manner as the left. Continue 
thus directly forward, without turning the head or eyes. 

TO MARCH IN DOUBLE TIME. 

Command: (1) Forward; (2) Double Time; (3) Mabch. 

At the command forward, throw weight of body on right 
leg without bending the left knee; at the command double 
time, raise the forearms to a horizontal position, with fingers 
closed, nails towards body, and elbows to the rear. 

At the command march, carry forward the left leg, 
slightly bending the knee, which is somewhat raised, and 
plant the left foot, taking a somewhat longer step than 
when marching in common time ; then carry the right foot 
forward in the same manner. Alternate the left with the 
right foot in this manner, allowing a natural, swinging 
motion to the arms. 

Note. — Common time is at the rate of 90 steps per minute ; quick 
time, 120 steps per minute ; double time, 180 steps per minute. 

TO HALT. 

The class being in march, command : (1) Class ; (2) Halt. 
At the latter command, given as either foot comes to the 
ground, the pupils should rest upon that foot and bring 
the one in the rear to its side. 

SIDE STEP. 

The class being at a halt, command: (1) Right, or left, 
step; (2) Mai;i h. At the latter command, cany the righl 
foot six or eight inches to the right, or the left foot six 



70 5THETIC EXERCISES. 

or eight inches to the left, without bending the knees or 
changing the position of the shoulders. Plant whichever 
foot has been moved and bring the other t< its side. Con- 
tinue this movement until the command to halt. The side 
step is never executed in double time. The movement 
should be regular and even. 

BACK STEP. 

The class being at a halt, command: (1) Backward; (2) 
March. At the latter command, step straight backward 
with the left foot fourteen inches, measuring from heel to 
heel, and so with the feet in succession until the command 
to halt. At this command, bring back the foot in front to 
the side of the one in the rear. 

TO MARCH TO THE REAR. 

The class being in march, command: (1) To the Rear; 
(2) March. At the latter command, given as the right foot 
comes to the ground, advance and plant the left foot. About 

face, turning on the balls of both feet, and immediately step 
oft" with left foot. 

TO MARK TIME. 

The class being in march, command: (1) Mark tune; 
(2) March. At the latter command, given as either foot 
is coming to the ground, alternately advance each foot 
about half its length and bring it back on a line with the 
other. In this way no ground is gained, and a semblance 
of marching is kept up. 

TO FILE EIGHT, OR LEFT. 

Command: (1) File right, or left; (2) March. At the 

latter command the leader will face to the right, or left. 



MILITARY MOVEMENTS. 77 

forming a new line of march at a right angle to the previous 
one, each pupil marching forward and wheeling successively 
on the same spot. 

TO MARCH BY THE FLANK. 

If the class is at a halt, command: (1) Right, or left; 
(2) Face; (3) Forward; (4) March. Execute these 
movements as directed in the right or left face and in 
marching in a direct line. 

If in march, command: (1) By the right, or left, flank; 
(2) March. At the command march, issued as the right 
foot comes to the ground, advance the left foot, face to the 
right, and step off at right angles to the old line of march 
with the right foot. The pupils should keep within facing 
distance of each other. 

TO COUNTERMARCH. 

The class being in march in single file, command: 
(1) Countermarch by right, or left, file; (2) March. At 
the command march, the leader wheels to the right, or left, 
and marches on a line parallel to and about fifteen inches 
from the first, but in an opposite direction. Each pupil 
inarches forward and wheels successively on the same spot. 

TO FORM CLASS IN TWO RANKS. 

The class being at a halt and in one rank, command : 
(1) Class in two ranks; (2) Right, or left; (3) Face; 
(4) Forward; (5) March. At the command face, face to 
the right, the even-numbered pupils from the head stepping 
quickly to the right side of the odd-numbered pupils; or 
face to the left, the odd-numbered pupils stepping quickly 
to the left side of the even-numbered pupils. Execute the 
other commands as heretofore directed. 



78 AESTHETIC EXERCISES. 



EXHIBITION FIGURES. 



The pupils are now prepared to be taught the following 
aesthetic exercises, intended to be performed by young 
girls, and appropriate for school exhibitions. They may 
also be arranged for a Flower Queen Festival, the partici- 
pants dressing in white and wearing wreaths of flowers. 

The figures are arranged for classes of twenty, but, by a 
proper division, may be performed by any number. The 
exercises easily pass into each other, and may be extended 
or varied to suit the occasion. 

The odd-numbered pupils are called No. Vs; the even- 
numbered pupils, No. 2's. The class is divided into two 
sections, the first in each section being called the leader. 
When the word leader is used alone the leader of the first 

section is meant. 
r .^_._^.„^„„^_..^-_ ] The front of the room is 

^ \n -^ A\ at the top, and the right is at 

jS i the right of the diagrams. 

ip <k 

i § ! Songs. — "Our Bright Starry 

\W F (/a^ Banner" and "There's Music in 

y : the Air." (See pages 91 and 94.) 

T^x ^x ^\ ^ ^xi 1- Form in single file, then 



£?~ ~ C? Cs~~C?~ "c?~ march around and form a 

diagram a hollow square. Pass around 

to the right four times, then 

change the direction of the movement by countermarching 

around inside four times. Diagram A. 

2. In passing around the fourth time, the leader of the first 
section does not complete the square, but faces to the left at 



THE SQUARE. 



fa 



! I 



-S^__£ 



V fa \W 

V fa I |^ 



EXHIBITION FIGURES — THE SQUARE. 71) 

point a, passing toward the rear and forming her section 
into a hollow square on the right, as indicated in Diagram 

B. At the same time the r — ...» *.___ 

leader of the second sec- 
tion faces at point b, passes 
toward the front and forms ^ 
her section into a hollow 
square on the left, oppo- 
site to the other square. V\y_ 
March around in the two 
small squares four times, 
then change the direction 
by countermarching inside. Diagram b. 

Pass around four times, and then form into a large square 
by reversing movements for the formation of the small 
squares, the leader of the first section entering the large 
square at point a, and the leader of the second section 
entering it at point b, at the same time. By the time the 
last of the first section has reached point a, and the last 
s? /? /) of the second section has 

<\ !^S" "sS" %"1 reached point b, leader 1 

y r ..-4Z ^L, (fa should have reached b and 

r\i/i ^-> ^ j ! leader 2, a, the square being 
j V f 0% complete. 

rvLo ; * j A\ 3. The second and fourth 

. # •' I girls on eacn side of the 

(\j/7 yrfSS square side-step one pace 

i ^ -*-^. i inside the square, forming 

fty? "£/ ~£7" J (fa\ as in Diagram C. March 

l__.^> .5^. S^.J around, one square within 

the other, four times. In- 
side set about face, and all 
pass four times. Outside set about face, and all march four 
times. Inside set side-step to place, and class pass into line. 



80 



.ESTHETIC EXERCISES. 



THE CIRCLE. 

Songs. — "The Happy Peasants" and "The Pleasant Spring Has 
Come Again." (See pages 95 and 96.) 

1. March around in a circle or ellipse four times, then 
change direction by countermarching inside. Diagram D. 

2. Leaders march through the center of the circle (as 
indicated in the diagram by the heavy dashed lines), pass 




Diagram D. 

each other, and form two ellipses, marching around four 
times. Or, if the ellipse is the first figure, two circles are 
formed. Diagram D. 

3. In marching around the fourth time, the leader of the 
first section continues until at point a on the right of the 
circle or ellipse, and leader of the second section until at 
point b on the left, which points they should reach respec- 
tively at the same time. Leader 1 countermarches outside 
the line of the large circle, and leader 2 continues in the 



EXHIBITION FIGURES— THE SPIRAL. 



81 



direction indicated by the light dashed lines outside the 
ellipse in Diagram D, until she meets leader 1 at the rear of 
the circle, from which point both advance down the center 
of the circle toward the front in double file. 

4. Divide each file into ^ — . ^ N 



two sections. The leader in 
each section passes in the 
direction of the dotted lines 
as shown in Diagram E, 
forming four circles. Sev- 
eral changes may be made in 
the direction of marching, 
producing a pleasing effect. 

Note. — Four squares may 
be formed in a similar manner, 
if the class is of thirty-two per- 
sons, leaving eight for each of 
the half sections. It would be 
impossible to form five people 
into a square. 



THE SPIRAL. 

Soxc. — " Tell Me Where Do 
Fairies Dwell.'' (See page 98.) 



T 

¥ 
v 



y 

V 



4? 



V 



Diagram E. 



1. March around in a 
large circle or ellipse. The 
leader of the first section 
then passes just inside the 
circle and gradually winds up to the center, forming a spiral, 
as shown by the inside dotted lines in Diagram D. Coun- 
termarching, the loader will pass through the spaces of the 
previous windings, forming a large circle or ellipse again. 

'J. Form two ellipses or circles as directed in The Circle, 
and from these form two spirals. 

SCHOOL GYMNASTICS — 6 



82 ESTHETIC EXERCISES. 



THE WREATH. 

Songs. — "A Rosy Crown We Twine for Thee" and "The Sun 
Is Glowing." (See pages 101 and 103.) 

1. March around in a large circle eight times. About 
face and march around eight times. 

2. No. 2's side-step one pace toward the center of the 
circle. Diagram F. March around in two circles, one 

within the other, four 
/?. . ^-^> times. Inside circle about 

•'"'*' **" ^^ x * ace > anc ^ a ^ l )ass ^ our 

[gsy /?^-^~-~- h^\ ^ mes - Outside circle 

# ,^b fr J^ Yv^r* i) \ about face, and all circle 

/ %? ^ ^N \ rOUnd ' 

typ f "\ '■ 3. All face toward the 

I Af\ J vf\) center of the circle, and 

\ . /[) / join hands in their re- 

rO.C) ^*#. ^\ c= ^j / spective circles. All cir- 

^\ "<fp"" V <^ cle to the right with side 

\..J\ c= ^ ..--'' step. All circle to the 

c ^~~ "$ left with side step. In- 

diagram f. s id e circle side-step to 

right, and outside circle 
to left at the same time, and then vice versa, 

4. No. l's raise their joined hands, forming arches. 
No. 2's, w r ith joined hands, step back, courtesying under the 
arched arms of the outer circle, forming a large circle or 
wreath. Thus entwined, circle round twice with side step 
to the right; in the same manner, circle round twice with 
side step to the left. 

5. No. 2's, courtesying under the arched arms of No. l's, 
step forward one pace. All drop hands to sides. No. 2's 
about face, and join hands with No. l's. so as to form five 



EXHIBITION FIGURES— THE STAR. 



83 



ft 



MJe 









rf*\ 




a"^"- 


k n 




f i/ 


%^&s 






\ 


/'H\ 




\ 


£ § 




\ % 


Diagram G. 





sets of four each. Diagram G. Each set swing twice and 
a half round, leaving No. l's in the center of the circle. 
Repeat figures 2, 3, and 4, 
No. l's taking the place of 'jftST* •■• 

No. 2's. /'r % 

THE STAR. 

Song. — " Who Shall Be Fair- 
est?" (See page 106.) 

1. Form in a large circle. 
Xo. 2's step obliquely to the 
left, in front of No. l's ; then 
each even couple step ob- 
liquely to the left, placing 
themselves in front of the odd couples, forming a five-pointed 
star. Right face and march around in circles, the inner 

circles going very slowly 
to preserve the symmetry 
of the star. About face 
and march in the opposite 
direction. Diagram H. 

2. To pass into line, 
first form into a large 
circle. This can be accom- 
plished by reversing the 
movements for the forma- 
tion of the star. Or, all 
face from the center with 
the exception of those in 
the outermost circle, who 
march around in their circle, the others in the same line 
(radius) falling in behind them, by first marching to the 
line of the large circle and facing upon reaching it. 




Diagram II. 



84 



^ESTHETIC EXERCISES. 







THE 


BOWER. 








Songs. — ' 
and 111.) 


• Killarney " and 


"Opening Elowers." 


(See pages 108 


For this 


figure 


wreaths 


of flowers 


should be used, 


long 



enough to be hung about the shoulders and to form an arch 
over the head. If the wreaths are not available, the hands 
can be elevated to form the arches, but the pupils will have 
to stoop in going through the bower. 

1. Arch the wreaths above the head and form into a 

large circle. March around 
twice in this circle to the 
right. As the leader reaches 
the back of the room, the 
first couple should right face, 
step within the circle side 
by side, and then face each 
other, touching their wreaths 
overhead and forming an 
arch wide enough to permit 
two to pass through side 
by side. The second couple, 
on reaching the same point 
in the circle, should right 
face, pass beneath the arch 
thus formed, and take their 
places at the sides of the 
first couple, forming an arch in the same way. (If the 
wreaths are not used, the second couple will have to march 
through in single file ; if they are used, they can pass to- 
gether through the arch formed by the first couple.) The 
three remaining couples of the first section pass through 
the arches in the same manner and form successive arches. 



V 
V 



/? 








^ 


C 


A 






<? 




^ 




^ 


A 


^7 




<£> 




^ 




^ 


A 


^y 




^ 




^ 




^ 


f\ 


*? 




<tP 




^ 




^ 


] \ 


& 


Diagram I. 







EXHIBITION FIGURES — THE BOWER. 85 

2. The second section will pass through the bower thus 
formed in single file, turn to the right, and pass to the foot 
of the bower ; march through the bower a second time, turn 
to the left, and pass to the foot of the bower; march 
through a third time in double file, forming themselves 
into a bower in the same manner as the first. Diagram I. 

3. The first section should then repeat the same figures 
as have been gone through by the second section in figure 2 ; 
but, in passing through the third time, the members should 
throw their wreaths over their shoulders, join hands, and pass 
through with side step in single file. The second section, 
throwing their wreaths over their shoulders, should also 
join hands, the leader taking the hand of the last of the 
first section, and the others following in turn. Then form 
into a large circle. 

Note. — Other figures will suggest themselves to the original teacher, 
but those given in this book, in connection with the various evolutions, 
changes, and combinations which can be made in them, afford ample 
material for making very beautiful and interesting exercises for com- 
mencement days and other school festivals. 



8 



MUSIC. 
YANKEE DOODLE. 



m ~mm^^m =?ii-:+zz3ss ' 



9 



r» * e h 



y * 



^=* 



-* — -«- 



CHOBUS. /f 



N B =p ZK 



^ * d~l 



p 



^ — - r 



v 



RED. WHITE. AND BLUE. 





a 

J-S> 


* 


S N N 

j J.j J X -g 






RED, WHITE, AND BLUE. 



81 




*J3 JJ 






l I i 



• W* 



I 1 r r — F L r — L=r T i 



1 — X — 3- 



m 



> N 



-IS- — X- 






(= 



fff 



r — i g l^ i i f—t 

<m - - m m jg * j> 



£e£^ 



I * *• »-« -: 



I Ml J J i J— *: _ * -S 



BTPfff 



J* m^.0-0- 




88 



MUSIC. 



HAIL COLUMBIA. 



mj Andante maestoso. 



It'I^eee- 



1. Hail. Co - luni - bia, liap - py land. Hail, ye he - roes. 
'2. Im - mortal pa - triota, ri.se once more. De-fend your rights, de - 



sens 



^kzi 




?^* : 



heav'n-born band. Who fought and bled in Free-dom's cause. Who 
fend your shore, Let no rude foe with im - pious hand. Let 



m 



^=^= 



yP g i* j- j ± . & 


-z^irS^* ± ih 




i> i.-«Ti 


Xf r + 1 ^ 

fought and bled in 
no rude foe with 


• » • , » * 

L___ ^ , * " 

Freedom's cause. And 
im - pious hand In - 

£ £ S^— *-, 


when 
vade 


— 9 ? _ 

the storm of 
the shrine where 


&.■»•? ■ — * — \ — *- 


_j* * [ - 

1 1 


" "9 ■ 


-£ — ■ M 






war was gone, En - joyed the peace your val - or won! Let 
sa - cred lies Of toil and blood the well-earned prize, While 



-.- + 



9±^2 



m 



r r r 




In - de-pend-ence be our boast. Ev - er mind - ful 
of - f ring peace sin - cere and just, In heav'n we place a 

J_ * A 1-Jfc: * &' * 



^S±=S=Z 



f~r r~*^ 



BATTLE HVMX OF THE REPUBLIC. 



S9 



}=i 






what it eost, Ev - er grate - fn] for the prise, 

man - lv trust. Tliat truth ami i:i^ - tice mav pro - vail. Ami 



/ CHORUS. 



I 



m 



w 



3=5 rr 



*=m » 






Let its al - tar reach the skies. ^ p . 

ev - ry scheme of bond - age fail. 5 *«™i n 

; 1 h 1 



DJ - trd 



m Eij_» : =fafc^ 



.: _? 



_*« — ._._ 



;- ; 


. 




|j. J j- 


s 


' * J 


* X 


j 


v 


let 


— » — 
-m- 

ns 

1 

— m — 


-m- 
he. 

1 1 


Ral-lying round 


our 


Lih - er 
J * 


ty! 

1 


As 


a 


hP~ * 




■j X H * — i 




1 1 ! =g= 




^— J 


9 


^ 1 -* — 


— U- 






— ;* 



I 



ere*. 



F 



~r^~ v— w^ 



bantl of broth - ers joined. Peace and safe - ty vre shall find. 



£^====^ 



*^# 



P* 



S i* 






BATTLE HYMN OF THE REPUBLIC. 
Mrs S. G. Hovte. AlSt:—"€flory Hallelujah.' 



I 2 H 



g^r_. g r^ ^g-^-g ^ a 



1. Mine eyes have seen the <rh> - ry of tlie com-ing of the Lord: 
2.1 have seen Him in the watch-fires of a bnn-dredcir-cbng camps; 



90 



MUSIC. 



He is trampling oat the vim -age, where the grapes of wrath are stored 
They have buildcd Him an al - tar in tin- evening dews and damps; 



; .- - 



He bath loosed the fate- t'ul Iight-ning of His ter - ri- bio, swift sword: 
I can read His right-eons sen-tenee by the dim and flar - ing lamps: 



m 



m 



CHORUS. 



-m 9 — \ - <g — ^ 



*i, r 3: - 



Glo - ry, glo - ry hal - le 



His truth is march -ing on. \ 
His day is march - ing on. 5 

■ m m 



Sgi ~: 






*» > + 



r7^= 




* *- 


=5^= 


— ^ — — -p- 


lu - 


jah ! Glo 

m • 
— r»-^r--to-=- 


-* — f~ 

ry, glo - 

* m ■ 


-* — *-^ 

ry hal 


- le - lu - jab ! Glo - ry. 

* • j H • 


i 


i 


— «* »* — 


g c 


r i p ; 



ry^ fc J J^iJ 


_ - 


\ 


* . 


_j M 

- ■-* * d - 




9 ;Vi: ilJ: 

glo - ry hal - le - In 


jah! 

— p— 


5 
His 


— m — 
truth 

-f- 


— " : 

is march -ing 
~- 


on. 


^ S - Z 


— m— 


— ^ 




-i 


P U 



OUi; DlilGHT, ST.UlliY BAXXEB. 



91 



OUR BRIGHT, STARRY BANNER. 



m 



Modarai 



Offks 



? 



1 Prom ev - 'ry 
2. Finn - lv our 







hill and ev - ry mount ain. 

country's rights we're shield - ing, 



From ev - 'ry riv - er, lake, and 
• .11 we cringe t<. : 



♦3 



- ^ 



^=J 



f 



: e 






- * 



foe 



From ev - ry fo] - est, g ami fount - ain 

Ev - er to Freedom stand on - yield - ing, 




• » 



-, f-^T^T jS | 



li^^S^^ 



H J.J ^2^13 



s 



•J 

We hear the song <>f lib - er - ty : 
And for our homes we'll strike the blow : 



Sear the bold anthem now as 
Should e'er the ekrada ofbal -tie 



- 



* 



'-, 








* 5 — 1» x * fc 


— H 


cend 

low 

■* - — ■*= 


- 


ing. 


£ P 


ward on wines of lore a 
oar be-loved and sa - rred land. 






. -_ —m—a 


« 


— * -. — m~ 





x * \ * -w 



^^ 



With spir 



it xoic - cs sweet -ly blend 
oar nation's streneth and pow 



in* In 
er In 



_j_^ ^ ^ _«__ 



, _^_ _ 






II rt 


/ '. m m \ \ N 










( ) _^- * J ^ m £• 1 ' ' 






II J* 


joy - oas realms be-yond the skies, 
one un - broken phalanx stand. 








t^. -— ._. -- — ^2 




Ij'aJBl? 


— :$: ^ ^ *• ^ ' 





s 


. H-* 


m m m ~ m 


s 


V 
























IIT 


* \m 


— =♦ 


— _ 


114 




OIK BRIGHT, STARK? BANNER. 



93 




m 



' ; _' : : 



i P-l* ^ i-S-:: 



m 



joy - ona bo - sau - na Re - sound the glad prais - es of 

m ■*-■*- « j*. -m. -m- ^ -m- 



fe 



L f ftt it ,f?t t g^ ^- t 1 1 1 1 ■ 



9 


— ^— 


3 


9 






glo • rions 


lib 


— U— 

• er 

-*- 
m 


m <m » Z* 
—V 

ty, glo - ri - ous 


lib - er - ty. 
r -9 


■ H 




—J — 


9 

* 


* * 3* 


5* 5*15 s 


-41 


J ^> 


. 1 


L_~ 


■■■ 




J 3 — 3_ 




1 



04 



Mrsic. 







THERE'S 

■ 1 1 


MUSIC 


IN THE AIR. 
I — >, a v 


S- 


v__ 


" i 

_ 
X 


S- ^ * --— 

There's mu - sie 
- 
There's mn 


-• — 

in 
in 
in 


— m — 

the 
the 
the 


- a 2 

air, 
air. 
air. 


J — 
Wn«a 

When 
When 


J 

the 
the 
the 


#> 

in 

noon 

twi 


m 
■ fant 
- tide's 
light's 


^" : - -^ : 


















' =^ ^ 


L— •* 


— ** — 


— #« — 


— <* 



/ ""-■ 



















— ; 1 


/ " rv' 


a» 








* 




m 


» 


^ ^ 


f^— ' 


-J J 


«. 


morn 
snl - 
gen - 


- 
trv 
tie 


nigh, 
beam 

f — r 9- ' — 


And 
Be • 

Is 


— m 

faint 

. si 


— m — 

ils 
a 
on 


m 

blnsh 
gold 
eve - 


— » — 

is 
- en 

. - 


s<^en 
lisht 


* 1 *> . 


s - 


—% — 




-] 




1 




1 




* 


p 


. # 


* 


* 


z^. 1 



-j '-, S S s s ' 




1 














A-" * * * * * 


*zA ■ r^ 


J 


^f * — * — * — * — w — 

the bright and laugh -ing 

On the dis - tant mount ain 

m -ive beau - tie.*: 

i±r—-~ * S— 2 «— ~t S — 


- 

stream, 
die: 

If 9 ' 1 


- * — *• ■ £- J 

Many a harp's ec - 
When be - neath some 
Then. oh. then, the 

■r. — » m * m 


'S.- - . 

— «* -•* ^ ** ■ 


i h - 





i 



-» v — ^ 

stdt - ie sound. "With its thrill of 

grate- lul shade. S - ach - int: 

loved ones gone. "Wake the purr 



pro- fonnd. While we 
head is laid. Sweet -ly 
xial song: An - gelic 



3^*F=3=i? 



., 


i 




s s 








J " - < 








/v- -^ * — 


,- * * #*. 


#> m 


— , — i- . 




w 

list, 
voic 

— — • — 


=9^ 

en - 
the 

m 


--«- — «• «• m — ' 

chant - ed there. To the 
spir - it tht-re. Comes the 
gT^et us tht-re. In the 

fa La \m la m 


'-• *- 

mu - sic 

1 t 


in 

in the 

in the 


air. 
air. 
air. 



THE HAPPY PEASANTS. 
THE HAPPY PEASANTS. 



95 



S( III MANN 



ftl j I ^-hJ J: J l J J J J. 



ri 



1. O what can wit li out flow - ry plains com - pare In 

2. Tin- bright green fields, the bean -toons gold -en corn, The 

* * 

-t lg_ 



Si J ^^ 



I , : 



/ ~tr ns- 


fc- 


N ___ 




=J5= 






— n 


B 5 ^ ; 

all their 
birds 


r* * 

match-less 

swi-t-t - ly 


bean - ty. 

sing - ing 

1* m 


=2= 
5 

iu 


BO 

the 

-•- 


bright 
ear - 

-m- 


and 

ly 

■m 


fair; 
morn 

■m- 


fe~^ — y 




— » S— 


S 


— « 


i — t 


* + 


«* ^ 


* i* — 


— V — 


^ .. . 




~l 


— 1 " 



^TT- JJ:-^ 



What gild - ed lialls can vi -val natures bow'rs, 'Neath which we gaily 
Make fight our task, and oheerly thro" the day Doth pass on BWift-ly 



• k«* ■<• W» IK" * * * * 

D..-5. — Tj'W night's dark man ■ tie elos • es o - ver day. Bids sack with lightsome 




pass a - way the eve - ning hours | 
Beet - in;: wings the hours a - way. 



We sing sweet songs and 






/icari a - way to rest. a ■ waff! 






s s * 



r I 1 1 



E2E^ 



* s * I , s * * 



join the mer-ry dance. And mirth and joy < l< • 1 1 1 ev *i y heart entrance, 



■ r r r u - 



— i — r =t=jz" _ i 

• * * - *jy 



96 



MUSIC. 



THE PLEASANT SPRING HAS COME AGAIN. 



Words bv I. F. SiiErAUU. 



Verdi. 





Metw 


mosso. 

— i 






~K- 




=3* 


V 


a E s ~~^~ 


1 


L. The 
>. Tlie 
5. The 
L. The 
5. The 
/ 


m " 

pleas - 
pleas - 

pleas 
pleas - 
pleas - 


=fcfc 

ant 
ant 
ant 
ant 
ant 

if 


spring 

spring 
S[n inir 
spring 

spring 

«3 


■i 

has 

has 

has 
lias 
has 


come 

come 
(•nine 
come 
come 


a - 
a - 
a - 
a • 
a - 


— * — 

gain. 
gain, 
gain, 
-a in. 
gain, 


tJ »■ ±— 

Its voice is 
I hear the 
All na - tore B 
The plowman's 
Its voice is 


gF ■>'. 


£r-E=ss 


.r 




i ^ _ 








H — » — 


— 1 







r* 



dent. 



in 

riv 
heart 
son^s 
in 



the trees, 

t-r's roar.. 

is glad.. 

a - rise. . 

the trees, 




It speaks 
It spark 

The mount 
While wood 
It speaks 



from 
lea, 

aius 
land 
from 



m 



M^rgff 



rj 



ev 

foams. 
rise 
ech 
ev 



ry sun 
ami leaps. 
like gi 
oes mock, 

ry sun 



ny glen. 
as when 
ant men. 
and tli en 
ny glen. 



It rides np - on 
My sum - mer skiff 
And smile with beau 
The thrill -ing ca - 
It rides up - on 
» -m- -m- 



the 

it 

- ty 

dence 

the 




£ =- — 


>-rJ^| 


> 


f— ^ IS^I 


r- n 


R) 

breese 

hole 

clad 


It i 

My > 


-m— '■ — » 

ides up - 

inn - mer 
nile with 


on the b 
>kitf it 


— " 

eeZe. 

clad. 




The t 


Ca - deUte dies. 


breeze 

p A -At 


It i 


ides up • 


on the breeae. 


LJ 




LL-U 




1 - " 



THE TLEAS.VNT SPRING HAS COME AGAIN, 



«»T 




The scat 
Stern win 
The pret 
The mer 
The pret 



ter'd flocks 

ter's chain 

ty flow rs 

ry birds 

tv flow rs 



are low - 

is rend 

are spring 

are sins - 

are spring 



: '.I 



Be - 
The 
inn In 
iiiL'. A - 
tog, The 



^E 



I T St3 



neath each sha - - dy tree, The gen - - tie 

gush - - ing founts are free And light with 

ev - - 'ry green - wood shade, Their per - funics 

far tlie ma - sic floats And ev - - 'ry 

gush - - ing fouuts are free The mer - ry 



^im^m* 



Ped. 



*3f» 




winds are blow 

wa - ter blend 

round them fling 

vale is ring 



- ing, O come, re - joice 

- td, Is danc - ing o'er 

- ing, As sweet as E 

- ing, With soft and inel 
re - joice 



with 
the 
den 

low 




^==*_^?_, ^=^\ u-ip, 

me! O come, re • joice with me! 

sea Is danc • ing o'er the 

made, As sweet as E - den made. 

notes, With soft and met - low notes. 

me! Let all re - joice with me! 

|A, ffc_ Jt A * fl# S5 S S * I 



98 



MUSIC. 



TELL ME WHERE DO FAIRIES DWELL. 

Arranged from Glover. 



Moderato. 

— ^ "^ 



saa 



sipp 



1. Tell me where, do fair - ies dwell, Where they work each 

2. Tell me, gen - tie sis - ter dear, When the moon is 




Q 9 t # _|_ 




n — ' 


P3H F— 1 


*-*=^ : 


¥ =2~* -3- 

rays • tic spell 
shin - ing clear, 


1 1 ' 


Tell me where their 
May not iner • ry 


P=-f=i 3 

home can he. 
elves be seen, 




Where they sport in fan - ta • sy, Where they sport in 

Where we know their steps have been? Where we know their 






man 



Sopranos. 



fJL— | -K— I a - P 

£ 4; 3 jjx& .JJ. J l 

fan - ta - sy 
step have be< 

gffir^rr 1 ^ 



fan - ta - sy. Far re-moved from hu - man eyes. Yet their 

step have been ? Xo, for we the spell should break, They the 

t:z= f r r _g- i*-tp =£ 



homo is 'neath the skies, On the green- wood, in the dell, 
spot would soon forsake ; Sometimes heard, but nev - er seen, 




-^»- 



in the dell. There the fair - rv creat - ores dwell. 

■ev er seen Gen - lie »pir its haunt th-r \ 



\ fe llJ I I P ff A « 'I 



~r=- A'..- 



'-': 



rniilii 3* 1 



There the fair - y creat • nres dwell. Sing ing so eheer-i - ly 



! ftp rfr-eif-JX^ i pcr p^ 



fair - y - like song. Dane- ing so mer - ri - ly, All the night long ; 



3c=r 



- 


. ■ 




— 


V 


\ 
* 




=F*= 


— te 






r 




- 1 Z 


1 

h 




1 


— m — 

■ 


If 


fair 


S 

• 


like 


1 

- ■ - 


: _ - 




~~~"~ ~+ 






P 


P 




P 




— 


= 


\ 



100 



MUSIC. 



K^ 


-HM- 


~* ^~~* — i 






mer 


ri - ly, 
— fe— 


Lr % , • m ij ----- - „ s . 

' - C * 

All the night long, Dane ing so mer ri 
— -> -5 m „ - m ~m m 


— p— 

- ly. 
— ' — 1 


1 — **— 


— m — * — 


J- «F - — *- 


1 * — + =^_ 


* 



")* * S *_ IS _■_! 


1 








/^ --- — -% m — *~ 9 m 


— c — ' 


— m — 




- 


Sing - ing so cheer • i - 


ly. 


Dane 


ing 


_£ * — * m — J 

so mer - ri - ly. 


£^S = 






—m m — ym m 


, 1 




¥ 


_«* 1 



!/»■■» J 


N h * 


, 


Sing - 

1 >^*^ 


ing, 

1 




Sing 


* t * g- 

- ing so cheer - i 

■v. - - * 


s - 

ly; 






Dane • ing, 


&r~*2 — * — 


x ^ E r~ 









— *^-« F 

— . — ^ , 



Sins • ing, 




Sing -ing, 

0=5=3 — = 


— *^— i frH 


S» —*- 


Dane ing. 
*-- 


ffr 

Dane ing. 


sing ing. dauc - ing. 


\~ *' " 




-*• w m — 


5^ — ■*- 1 




sing - ing, danc-ing. Sing- ing. danc - ing all the night long. 



A ROSY CROWN. 



101 



A ROSY CROWN. 

Snln and Choru* from "Dkr ErkYSCHOtZ." 




1. A TO 

2. We bade 

3. Then deign 



ay 

the 
to 



SF ^^N 



crown we twine for thee, Of 

fair - est flowers that grow, Their 
wear the wreath we twine. Thy 




Flo - ra's rich • est troas • ure ; "We lead thee forth to 
va - ried trio - ute ren • der, To shine a . hove that 
beau • teous ring lets shad - ing; And be its charms a 




dance and glee, 
brow of snow, 
type of thine, 



To mirth and youth • ful 

In all their sun • ny splen 

In all ex • cept its fad 



ure. 
dor. 
ing. 



102 



MUSIC. 



/ CHORUS 




^-^^i^z 


— • <■ • 


I" f" f '" 


- m A 


(f *r w-J- 

Flo - ra's rich ■ est 


treas - ure, 


L> ■«• U *« — 

Flo ra's rich - est 

— m, » 9 w - 


treas - ure ; 

J5? — q 


y err cir 11 

S£¥^ — J — ■* V | 


! 


m J > J +-»^5 * -J 

■J- J- -m- -m- -m- ^ i 


^ - 1 


. . — 


— 


— 



p 



^T 



ptl 



+t=\ 



Take, oh, take the ro - sy, the ro - sy crown. 



m 



m 



W Jk = 


— » — 


m ■ 


— * — 


-e — ^-s^ 


— m- — 


<7\ 


Take, 

A ; 


oh, 

— m 


take 


the 


i== — * — g 

ro • sy. the 


— a* — 
ro 

— * — 


^T t — m 

• sy crown 

*^m~~m» — t - " 1 


F*= 


i ■ 

...m 


L_ 1 _ 


8" ' 


1 1 


- 
—% — 


— m. » '» LU 

* m Lij 


i — , — , — 


U i*^^ 






—" T- - ■" 



THE SUN IS GLOWING. 

THE SUN IS GLOWING. 

Allegro Moderate. _^=^ =— ■ 



103 



Donizetti. 



1. Bright - ly the sun is glow ing, 

2. We'll ne'er for - get the pleas • ure 



And ev - 'ry 
When ev - 'ry 




g#^^# ^=F^ 



*-^ 



I u 




=F=F= t ^ m 



For life is bright and fair; 
To love's sweet ser e • nade; 



^^P^f 



^b^p jf^ 




And Hope her rain - bow hues is 
3 And as we heard each flow • ing 



- £ > u — s? — ^ — > 



104 



MUSIC. 




^raXL^ 



-!=>, 



ggg^ET g §^EEi=gg^E g^g 



«t 



hearts are free from pain and care; Joy is 

danced be - neath the grate • ful shade ; We felt 



her 
our 



3PS^ 



^: 



*rw* 



rail. 



tempo. 



m 



5t «t 5f 



3^£ 



bft-d i— hi— =P""" g~ - Id *- 


— *— J ' — 1 

1, — 


<&£— * * i f * * *^f -r- 

light be - stow - - ing, And niu 
youth a treas • - ure That from 


s * * 

sic sounds both 
the mem - ; ry 

ad 


£»>:- — m — =j — *— =j — - ^ — £*H'~il"~ s i~\Z~ =i = i — u — 


-a m — s — (•— a- 1 ] 


* U & — *-* uu — u > — *-* *— 


5 g " 




^= Llfe^^ 



sweet and rare! 
ne'er could fade ! 
_3_ 



Bright-ly the sun is glow 
A ikI as we heard each meas 



ing. 
ure, 



And 
And 



THE SUK IS GLOWING. 



Id.') 



-1=^ 



«M» > 



JS- 



O ^& *j ^ 



S3 



tan - sic soonds, it sounds, sounds both sweet and rare, 
danced he - neath the shade, danced be-neatfa the shade 



A nd 
And 



>- 3^3S 



FJ=^£ 






.is — i^ 






-P-N- 



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mu - sic sounds 

danced be - neath 



both sweet and rare, . . 
the grate- ful shade,. 



And inn ric 
Anddanceil be • 



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sounds, sounds both sweet and rare; . 
neath, danced be -neath the shade, 



O'er bopes we're dream 
We felt a 




ing, For Ve> for life is bright and fair. 

ure That from the mem rv neVr can fade. 



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10G 



MUSIC. 



WHO SHALL BE FAIREST? 

Charles Mackay. Frank Mori. 

Allegro. 



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1. Who shall be fair - est? Who shall be rar - est? Who shall be 

2. Who shall be near -est, No- blest and dear - est, Named but with 



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first in the songs that we sing? 
hon - or and pride ev - er-niore? 



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She wlio is kind - est when 
He, th* un-daunt-ed,wbose 




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blooms of the spring, 
bat - tie • ments hoar. 



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Charm of our glad - ness, 
Fear • less of dan - ger, To 



WHO SHALL BE FAIKEST? 




Friend <»f our sad ness. An • pel of life, when our 
Use • hood a stran ger. Look • ing not back while there*! 




Sleas nres tak wing, --- She shall be fair ■ est. She shall he 
u - ty he - fore, 



He shall be mar - est, He shall he 

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rar - est. She shall he first in tlie songs that we sine:, 
dear - est. He shall he first in our hearts ev - er ■ more, 





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that we Sing; Aye, she shall he first in the songs we sing, 
ev - er more; Aye, he shall he first in our hearts ev er more. 



108 



MUSIC. 



KILLARNEY. 



Moderate 



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M. W. Balfe. 



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1. By Kil - lar - ney's lakes and fells, 

2. In - nis - fal - len's ru - iued shrine 

3. No place else can charm the eve 

4. Mu - sic there for .ech - o dwells, 



Em - 'raid 

May sug 

With such 

Makes each 



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isles and 
gest a 
bright and 
sound a 


wind 
pass - 
va - 
har - 


ing 
ing 
ried 
mo • 


bays, 
sigh, 
tints, 

ny, 


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Mount - ain paths and 
But man's faith can 
Ev - 'ry rock that 
Ma - ny - voiced the 








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wood - land dells, 
ne'er de - cline, 
you pass by, 
cho - rus swells, 



Mem • ry ev - er fond - ly strays. 

Such God's won - ders float - ing by. 

Ver - dure broid - ers or be-sprints. 

Till it faints in ex - ta - sy. 



KILLAKNKY. 



109 




Bonn teous na • ture loves all lands, 

Cas • tie Lough and Gle na Bay, 

Vir - gin there the green grass grows, 

With. the charm -ful tints bo • low. 



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Beau 
Mount 
Ev 
Seems 



tv wan - dors ev - 'ry where, 

ains Tore and Ea - gle s Nest, 

'ry morn springs na - tal day 

the heav'n a - bove to vie, 



Foot prints 
Still at 
Bright- hued 
All rich 




leaves on ma - ny strands, 

Mu • cross you must pray, 

ber - nes datf the snows, 

col - ors that we know, 



But her home is 

Though the monks are... 

Smil • ing win - ter'a .. 

Tinge the cloud - wreaths 



CoUa parte 






110 



MUSIC. 



^ dim. pp a tempo. 



sure - ly there! An - gels fold their wings and rest, 

now at rest. An - gels won - der not that man 

frown a - way. An - gels oft • en paus - ing there, 

in that sky. "Wings of An - gels so might shine, 



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In that E - den of the west, Beau - ty's home, Kil 

There would fain pro - long life's span, Beau - ty's, etc. 

Douht if E den were more fair, Beau • ty's, etc. 

Glanc - ing hack soft light di - vine, Beau • ty's, etc. 



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OPENING FLOWERS. 



Ill 



A. Gebauee 



OPENING FLOWERS. 
P 



Franz Abt. 



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iF^feM^ 



1. See the morn- ing lij. r ht ad - vane - es, 

2. Fast ro cede the gloom >y shad-ows, 
:i. Would ye thank your Heav'n-ly Farther 



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O'or the hills the sun beam glanc - es, Yet ye flow 'rets 
A.s the light spreads o'er the mead • ows, Fiil'd with flow'rs of 
For the joys you dai - ly gath • er, That ye stand all 



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slum • b'ring lie, Yet ye flow - 'rets slum b'ring lie. 

daz - zling hue, Fiil'd with flow'rs of daz - zling hue 

weep - ing there? That ye stand all weep - ing there? 



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112 



MUSIC. 



Hno l'Aiir £n-i~»c <»r»H Irtrtlr o . pahti<] v-i-m "V/^tt- +Ka -w*s± t*-r* 



Ope your eyes and look a • round you, Now the ro 
Like the fumes by in • cense giv - eu, Their sweet scent as 
"When the lips are seal'd hy glad - ness, Tears may flow, yet 





morn has found you. Wake and greet the hright - 'ning sky ! 
cends to heav - en 'Mid the ear - ly morn • ing dew. 
not in sad • ness, Flow in si - lent heart • felt pray'r ! 





1'lfE f jf i J: J N 



Wake and greet the hright-'ning sky ! 
'Mid the ear - ly morn - ins: dew. 
Flow in si - lent heart - felt pray 'r! 



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